Explanation

 The additional, small, circular, extrachromosomal piece of DNA in a bacterial cell is called a plasmid.

Structure: Small, double-stranded, circular DNA molecules.

Location: Found in the cytoplasm of bacteria (extrachromosomal).

Function: They typically contain non-essential but advantageous genes, such as those for antibiotic resistance.

Last updated 17-02-2026

Explanation

Washing soda, also known as sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃).

It is made up of sodium (Na), carbon (C), and oxygen (O).

It is commonly used for cleaning purposes due to its ability to soften water and remove stains.

Explanation

During respiration, organisms break down glucose to release energy, and carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct.

Unlike photosynthesis, where oxygen is produced, respiration involves the release of carbon dioxide.

Explanation

In meiosis, daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cells.

This reduction is crucial for maintaining the stability of chromosome number across generations.

Explanation

Kidney stones commonly form due to excessive calcium salts in the urine, especially calcium oxalate.

High levels of calcium can crystallize and form stones, leading to kidney issues.

Explanation

• Insects like bees, butterflies, moths, and beetles are important pollinators of plants in gardens.
• They visit flowers to collect nectar and pollen, and in the process, transfer pollen from one flower to another, allowing for fertilization to occur.

Explanation

• In plants, water and minerals are transported from the roots to the leaves through the xylem.
• A type of vascular tissue.

Explanation

• Short-sightedness (myopia) can be corrected by wearing a concave lens.
• It is thinner in the center than at the edges.
• This lens disperses light rays, allowing them to focus correctly on the retina.

Explanation

A microscope is designed to magnify tiny, close-up objects that are not visible to the naked eye.

It helps in studying small details of specimens like cells, microorganisms, and other minute structures.

Explanation

Amoeba, Euglena, and Paramecium are all unicellular organisms.

They consist of a single cell that performs all the functions necessary for survival, such as movement, reproduction, and obtaining nutrients.