Explanation

• Chloroplast is the plant cell organelle that performs photosynthesis.
• It contains chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures sunlight to produce food (glucose) for the plant.

Additional information:

• Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, produces energy via respiration
• Nucleus: Controls cell activities and stores DNA

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Under the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, the Head of Government is the Prime Minister.

Additional information:

• The President serves as the Head of State with a ceremonial role.

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• Vatican City is the smallest country in the world by land area.
• It is a city-state surrounded by Rome, Italy.
• It serves as the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church.
• Total area is about 0.49 sq km.
• It is located in Europe.

Additional information:

• Smallest Muslim country: Brunei
• Smallest republic: Nauru
• Smallest SAARC country: Maldives
• Largest Muslim country (population): Indonesia

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• Russia is the largest country in the world.
• With a total area of 17,098,242 Km² (6,601,665 mi²).
• Land area of 16,376,870 Km² (6,323,142 mi²).

List of Largest countries by area

Must read it

Which country has the largest population in the world?

Last verified on 09-02-2026

Explanation

Ankara is the capital city of Turkey since 1923.

Located in the central part of Anatolia.

Additional information:

• Currency is the Turkish Lira.
• The official language is Turkish.
• Located in the continent of Europe/ Asia.
• Primary Religion is Islam (But Secular country).
• The head of Govt is President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
• Parliament is called the Grand National Assembly.

Last verified on 09-02-2026

Explanation

Australia Capital is Canberra.

Australia Currency is Australian Dollar.

Australia official language is English.

Australia national game is Cricket.

Australia located is in Continent Oceania.

Australia Primary Religion is Christianity (But Secular Country).

Australia Head of Govt. is Prime Minister  - Anthony Albanese.

Australia Parliament called Federal Parliament.

Australia flas has three colours.

Australia's highest-ranking military: Australian Active Service Medal

Tricks for Remember

DOLLAR

 Li-Ne-US-Ca-Fi-T-E-A

Mind trick: Li ne(a name) who lives in US likes Coffee(Ca- Fi) and Tea(T-E-A)

**Li-Ne**

Li-Liberia

Ne-New Zealand

**US**

United States

**Ca-Fi**

Ca-Canadian

Fi- Fizzi

**T-E-A**

T-Taiwan

E-Ethiopia

A-Australia

Must read

Capital of World Countries

Currency of World Countries

Last verified on 02-02-2026

Explanation

• Asia is the largest continent by land area and population.
  • It covers about 44.58 million sq km.
  • Around 60% of the world’s population lives in Asia.
  • It has 40+ countries, including China, India, and Indonesia.
  • It makes up about 30% of Earth’s land area.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

Syed Asim Munir is the current Chief of Defence Forces after the 27th amendment since Dec 2025. 

His term is for five years.

He will remain CDA until Dec 2030.

He was appointed 11th Army Chief after the retirement of Qamar Javed Bajwa in Nov 2022.

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Updated & verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

The term "Riba" literally means "Any excess."