NSCT PAST PAPERS AND SYLLABUS
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ریلیشنل ڈیٹا بیس کی کون سی خصوصیت ہے؟
- Stores data in tables with rows and columns
- Only allows sequential storage of data
- Does not support queries
- Uses key-value pairs exclusively
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Explanation
A relational database organizes data into tables (relations).
Each table consists of rows (records) and columns (fields).
It supports SQL queries for data manipulation and retrieval.
Data is related using keys (primary and foreign keys).Last verified on 18-07-2026
ٹو-فیکٹر آتھنٹیکیشن کے لیے کیا ضروری ہوتا ہے؟
- Only password
- Only OTP
- Password + second verification / A second layer of security requiring additional verification beyond a password
- Username only
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Explanation
- Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is a security method that requires a password plus a second verification before granting access.
- It adds an extra layer of protection beyond a password alone.
- The second verification may be an OTP, fingerprint, face recognition, or an authentication app.
- Even if a password is stolen, 2FA helps prevent unauthorized access.
- It is widely used for email, banking, social media, and online accounts.
Last verified on 08-07-2026
انٹرنیٹ میں کونسا پروٹوکول استعمال ہوتا ہے؟
- TCP/IP
- TCG/IP
- TCS/IP
- None of the above
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Explanation
- TCP/IP is the main protocol suite used for communication over the Internet.
- TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol.
- IP stands for Internet Protocol.
- IP handles the addressing and routing of data packets.
- TCP ensures reliable delivery of data between devices.
- Other protocols like HTTP, FTP, and SMTP work on top of TCP/IP.
- TCP/IP allows different networks and devices to communicate seamlessly.
Last verified on 02-07-2026
- By length only
- By character ASCII values in order
- Randomly
- By reversing strings
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Explanation
In C++, strings are compared lexicographically using the <, >, == operators.
Comparison proceeds character by character from left to right.
Each character is evaluated using its ASCII (or Unicode) value.
- They are irrelevant for large input sizes
- They are always zero
- They depend on memory
- They improve performance
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Explanation
Big-O notation measures the growth rate of an algorithm as input size increases.
Constants do not affect growth rate for large inputs, so they are ignored.
For example, O(3n) is simplified to O(n) in Big-O terms.
This helps focus on scalability rather than exact runtime.
- Mobile devices are slower
- Ensures optimal display on small screens before scaling up
- Desktop always loads first
- Reduces CSS file size
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Explanation
- Mobile-first design starts with styles for small screens and adds enhancements for larger screens.
- This approach ensures the website is usable on mobile devices, which have limited space.
- Media queries are then used to scale layouts for tablets and desktops.
- z-index
- position
- display
- float
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Explanation
z-index controls the stacking order of overlapping elements in CSS.
Elements with a higher z-index appear in front of elements with a lower z-index.
It only works on elements with a position value other than static (e.g., relative, absolute, fixed).
position sets how an element is positioned on the page but doesn’t control layering.
display and float affect layout and flow, not stacking order
- Border-radius
- Border-style
- Border-width
- Border-color
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Explanation
The border-radius property in CSS creates rounded corners on elements.
You can specify a single value for uniform rounding or multiple values for different corners.
border-style defines the line style (solid, dashed, etc.).
border-width sets the thickness of the border.
border-color sets the color of the border.
- Can have both red or black root node
- Has red root node
- Has black root node
- Root color does not matter
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Explanation
A Red-Black Tree is a self-balancing binary search tree.
One of its properties is that the root node is always black.
Other properties include:
-
Red nodes cannot have red children (no two reds in a row).
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Every path from a node to its leaves has the same number of black nodes.
- Reduces CPU usage by checking only one device
- Ensures system always reads maximum available data efficiently
- Avoids memory leaks
- Minimizes network traffic
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Explanation
Max polling is commonly used in I/O operations and real-time systems.
It is a technique where the system reads all available data from a device or buffer in one go.
It reduces the number of polling cycles needed, improving efficiency.
