Explanation

• A valid test is generally reliable, but not always perfectly.
• Validity means a test measures what it is supposed to measure.
• Reliability means a test gives consistent results over time.
• Reliability is a basic requirement for validity.

Last verified on 04-06-2026

Explanation

• More than 70% difficulty index → Item is easy

Additional information:

• 50% level → Moderate difficulty
• Below 30% → Very difficult item

Last verified on 04-06-2026

Explanation

• Promotion → Internal recruitment (NOT external source).
• External recruitment means hiring candidates from outside the organization.
• It includes sources like walk-ins, advertisements, and recruitment agencies.
• These methods help bring new talent into the company.

Additional information:

• Internal recruitment refers to filling jobs from within the organization.

Last verified on 04-06-2026

Explanation

• Campus recruitment → External recruitment from universities/colleges.
• External recruitment means hiring candidates from outside the organization.
• It brings new talent into the company.
• Candidates are selected from external sources like universities, job markets, or advertisements.

Last verified on 04-06-2026

Explanation

• New Recruitment → Hiring new employees from outside the organization.
• External recruitment means filling job vacancies by bringing fresh candidates from outside sources.
• It brings fresh skills and new ideas into the organization.
• Sources include ads, job portals, newspapers, and agencies.

Last verified on 04-06-2026

Explanation

• Departmental examination is mainly used to test eligibility, not a direct internal hiring source.

• Promotion
• Job rotation
• Transfer

Last verified on 04-06-2026

Explanation

• Summative assessment is conducted at the end of a course, term, unit, or academic year to measure students' overall learning and achievement.
• It evaluates whether the learning objectives have been successfully achieved.

Common examples of summative assessments:

• Final examinations
• Board examinations
• End-of-term tests
• Final projects
• Annual assessments

Additional information:

• Diagnostic Assessment: In the beginning of learning → identifies prior knowledge, strengths, and weaknesses.
• Formative Assessment: In the middle/during learning → improves teaching and learning through feedback.

Last verified on 04-06-2026

Explanation

• General indiscipline among students is indicated when the majority of a class misbehaves.
• The problem is not limited to one or two students.
• It reflects a broader issue in classroom discipline and behavior.
• Such situations require effective classroom management strategies.

Last verified on 04-06-2026

Explanation

• Experience plays a major role in developing creativity.
• As individuals gain more experiences, they are exposed to new ideas and solutions.
• Experience enhances imagination, innovation, and problem-solving skills.
• Creative thinking grows through practice and real-life learning.

Last verified on 04-06-2026

Explanation

• World Environment Day is on 5 June.
• First observed in the city of Spokane in the USA in 1974.
• Established by the UN General Assembly in 1972.
• It is also called Eco Day.

Additional information:

Theme:

• 2020: Time for Nature in Colombia
• 2021: Ecosystem restoration in Pakistan
• 2022: Only One Earth in Sweden
• 2023: Solutions to Plastic Pollution in the Ivory Coast
• 2024: Land restoration, desertification, and drought resilience in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• 2025: Ending plastic pollution in South Korea

Last verified on 04-06-2026