Explanation

• Xerophytes are plants adapted to survive in dry or low-water environments.
• They have special features to reduce water loss and store water.

Additional information:

Examples of xerophytes:

• Cactus
• Aloe vera
• Date palm
• Acacia
• Euphorbia

Last verified on 19-02-2026

Explanation

• Meristematic cells are undifferentiated cells capable of continuous division.
• They are responsible for the growth of plants in length and thickness.

Additional information:

Types of meristems:

• Apical meristem – root & shoot tips
• Intercalary meristem – nodes & internodes
• Lateral meristem – increase in girth
• Root meristem – root growth
• Shoot meristem – shoot growth

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• In plants, carbohydrates are stored mainly in the form of starch.
• Starch serves as an energy reserve used during growth and development.

Additional information:

Storage forms in plants:

• Starch – main carbohydrate reserve
• Sucrose – transport form of carbohydrate
• Cellulose – structural carbohydrate
• Glycogen – storage carbohydrate in animals
• Glucose – immediate energy source

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains the sugar deoxyribose, which is a five-carbon sugar.
• It forms the backbone of the DNA molecule along with phosphate groups.

Additional information:

• Sugars in nucleic acids:
• DNA – Deoxyribose
• RNA – Ribose
• Glucose – energy source in cells
• Fructose – sugar in fruits
• Galactose – sugar in milk

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Butterflies, moths, and honeybees help in transferring pollen from one flower to another, aiding in plant reproduction.
• They are essential for pollination of crops and wild plants.

Additional information:

• Pollination increases fruit and seed production.
• Honeybees are also important for honey production.

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• A virion is the fully developed, infectious form of a virus capable of infecting a host.
• It contains genetic material (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat (capsid), sometimes with an envelope.
  

Additional information:

• Capsomere: Protein subunit of the capsid.
• Envelope: Lipid layer around some viruses.
• Prion: Infectious protein.

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Ascorbic Acid is commonly known as Vitamin C.
• It is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.
• Prevents scurvy, a disease caused by Vitamin C deficiency.

Additional information:

Sources of Vitamin C (5):

1. Orange
2. Lemon
3. Guava
4. Strawberry
5. Bell pepper

Functions:

• Antioxidant
• Collagen synthesis
• Strengthens immunity

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

Red-green color blindness is the most common type of color vision deficiency.

It affects the ability to distinguish between red and green colors.

It is sex-linked, occurring mostly in males due to inheritance on the X chromosome.

There are two main types: protanopia (red deficiency) and deuteranopia (green deficiency).

Explanation

An epidemic is a disease that spreads rapidly across a large number of people in a region or community.

Examples include influenza outbreaks or cholera outbreaks.

Endemic refers to a disease that is constantly present in a particular area.

Explanation

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease affecting the airways of the lungs.

It causes narrowing and inflammation of the air passages, leading to difficulty in breathing.

Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.