Explanation

• Electron: Discovered by J. J. Thomson, 1897

Additional information:

• Proton: Discovered by Ernest Rutherford, 1919
• Neutron: Discovered by James Chadwick, 1932
• Atomic Model Proposed: Plum Pudding Model
• Significance: First subatomic particle discovered

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Scientist: Edward Jenner
  • Discovery Year: 1796
  • Vaccine Type: Smallpox
  • Significance: First ever successful preventive vaccine
  • Extra Fact: Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980 by WHO

Additional information:

• Edward Jenner is often called the “Father of Immunology.”

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Founder: Mark Zuckerberg
• Founded in: February 4, 2004
• Headquarters: Menlo Park, California, USA
• Users (2023): Over 3 billion monthly active users
• Parent Company: Meta Platforms Inc.

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin in 1928.
• Penicillin was the first true antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections.
• He published his findings about its antibacterial effect in 1929.
• First patient treated with penicillin was Albert Alexander, a 43-year-old policeman, on 12 February 1941.
• Penicillin revolutionized medicine and infection treatment worldwide.

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• The study of relationships between organisms and their environment is called Ecology.
• It helps understand how living things interact with each other and with their surroundings.

Additional information:

• Embryology studies development of embryos.
• Ethology studies animal behavior.
• Entomology studies insects.

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Exobiology specifically studies life beyond Earth.
• Astrobiology combines biology, chemistry, and astronomy to study life in the universe.

Explanation

• Main Cause: Freon / CFCs
• Effect: Breaks down O₃ molecules → more UV-B radiation
• Other Contributors: Halons, carbon tetrachloride
• Result: Skin cancer, cataracts, climate impact

• The Montreal Protocol (1987) aimed to reduce CFC emissions
• Ozone layer protects Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays

Explanation

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) helps prevent browning in fruits.

By inhibiting the enzymes responsible for oxidation.

It is commonly used to keep cut fruits fresh.

Additional information:

• Commonly used in food preservation (lemon juice on fruits)
• Also essential for immunity and collagen formation

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

The Earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago.

Additional information:

• Method Used: Radiometric dating
• Oldest Materials: Meteorites and ancient Earth rocks
• Scientific Consensus: Supported by geology and astronomy

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Nature of Disease: Chronic and progressive
• Main Causes: Hepatitis B & C, alcohol abuse, fatty liver disease
• Effect: Scarring (fibrosis) reduces liver efficiency