Explanation

Cholera means ہیضہ

Typhoid means ایک قسم کا بخار

Typhoid and cholera spread through contaminated water, especially in areas with poor sanitation.

They are classic examples of water-borne diseases caused by bacteria like Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae.

Explanation

Plantation agriculture involves growing a single cash crop like tea, coffee, rubber, or cotton on a large scale.

These crops are mainly used in industries and factories for processing and export.

Explanation

Flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes) have unsegmented, flat bodies.

Earthworms and tapeworms have segmented bodies.

Explanation

In the temperate zone, the sun’s rays fall at a slant angle, not directly overhead.

This results in milder temperatures compared to the tropical zone.

Explanation

A concentrated solution has a large amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent.

It is the opposite of a dilute solution, which contains a small amount of solute.

Explanation

When the size of solute particles decreases, the solubility of a solid in a liquid increases because:

Surface Area Effect: Smaller particles have a larger surface area exposed to the solvent, speeding up dissolution.

Kinetic Energy: More collisions occur between solute and solvent molecules, enhancing solubility.

Explanation

When alkalis react with fats, they produce soap and glycerin in a process called saponification.

Glycerin (also called glycerol) is a byproduct formed alongside soap.

Explanation

The area of a circular sector is given by the formula:

Area = (1/2) × r² × θ

where r is the radius and θ is the angle in radians.

This formula applies only when θ is in radians.

Explanation

Ohm's Law states that voltage (V) is equal to the product of current (I) and resistance (R):

V = I × R

This law helps calculate the third quantity when any two (voltage, current, resistance) are known.

Explanation

Endosperm is the part of the seed that stores food to nourish the developing embryo.

It provides essential nutrients like starch, proteins, and oils during germination.