Explanation

• Choosing project members and assigning responsibilities are mainly done during the planning stage of project management.

Additional information

• Execution: The team does the actual work
• Monitoring/Controlling: Progress is tracked and corrected
• Closing: The project is finished and reviewed

Explanation

Public Policy

• What government does or does not do
• Includes laws, regulations, decisions, and deliberate inaction

Explanation

• Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions.
• Players act rationally to maximize their payoff
•  Founders
• John von Neumann & Oskar Morgenstern — established game theory (1944)
• John Nash — Nash equilibrium (1950)

Explanation

P/E Ratio = Market Price per Share ÷ Earnings per Share

= 500 ÷ 10
= 50

Last updated on 25-08-2026 by NS

Explanation

• A choice made between two or more alternatives is called a Decision
• It involves evaluating choices to arrive at a conclusion or course of action.

Additional information

• Assumption: Something accepted as true without proof.
• Reporting: The act of presenting information or data.

Explanation

• PERT stands for Program Evaluation and Review Technique.
• Project management method for planning, scheduling, and controlling complex projects
• Developed in the 1950s for the U.S. Navy's Polaris missile program

Last verified on 08-08-2026

Explanation

Organizing, as a management function, is mainly concerned with arranging resources and tasks

• Structuring work: Dividing total work into specific jobs and departments.
• Assigning roles: Matching employees to tasks based on skills, defining clear responsibilities.
• Allocating resources: Distributing physical, financial, and human resources efficiently.
• Establishing authority: Creating a clear chain of command and reporting relationships (the organizational chart).

Explanation

• The separation between political activities and administrative activities is known as the politics-administration dichotomy.

Explanation

African Union (AU) launched: 9 July 2002

 African Union (AU) members: 55 member states

African Union (AU) secretariat:  Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

 Among 55, 54 are members of the UN.

Note: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), is not a member of the UN, but a member of the AU.

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Explanation

The following nine countries are declared nuclear powers: 

1. USA
2. Russia
3. UK
4. France
5. China
6. India
7. Pakistan
8. Israel
9. North Korea

Nuclear weapons first developed in 1945 (USA).

Nuclear powers are divided into:

1. Official (NPT recognized): USA, Russia, UK, France, China
2. Non-NPT / de facto: India, Pakistan, Israel, North Korea

Last verified on 06-08-2026