Explanation

• Discoverer: Alexander Fleming
• Year of discovery: 1928
• Place: St. Mary's Hospital, London
• First patient treated with penicillin: Albert Alexander
• Date of first treatment: 12 February 1941

Last verified on 14-09-2026

Explanation

• Author: Waris Shah
• Written in: 1766
• Language: Punjabi
• Genre: Epic poetry / Romance
• Origin Date: Late 15th century (traditionally)
• Related: Mirza Sahiban, Sohni Mahiwal, Sassui Punnhun

Last updated by NS on 06-09-2026​

Explanation

• Current Position: 72nd U.S. Secretary of State
• Assumed Office: 21 January 2025
• President: Donald Trump
• Preceded by: Antony Blinken
• Nationality: American
• 
  

Last verified on 15-07-2026

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Explanation

NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Founded: 4 April 1949 (Washington, USA)

Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium

Type: Military Alliance

Official Languages: English & French

Founding Members: 12

Total Members: 32

• European: 30
• North American: 2

Latest Member: Sweden (joined 7 March 2024)

Muslim Member Country: Türkiye

Pakistan: Not a NATO member

List of NATO member countries:

1. Albania
2. Belgium
3. Bulgaria
4. Canada
5. Croatia
6. Czechia
7. Denmark
8. Estonia
9. France
10. Germany
11. Greece
12. Hungary
13. Iceland
14. Italy
15. Latvia
16. Lithuania
17. Luxembourg
18. Montenegro
19. Netherlands
20. North Macedonia
21. Norway
22. Poland
23. Portugal
24. Romania
25. Slovakia
26. Slovenia
27. Spain
28. Turkiye
29. United Kingdom
30. United States
31. Finland
32. Sweden

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Date Signed: 10 January 1966
• Place: Tashkent, Soviet Union (now Uzbekistan)
•  It was a peace treaty between India and Pakistan following the 1965 war

Signatories:

• Ayub Khan – President of Pakistan
• Lal Bahadur Shastri – Prime Minister of India
• Alexei Kosygin – Premier of USSR (mediator)

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• BCC stands for: Blind Carbon Copy
• Used in: Email communication
• Purpose: Hides recipient email addresses from other recipients

Additional information:

• CC (Carbon Copy): Recipients are visible to all
• BCC: Recipients are hidden from everyone except the sender

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

Pakistan’s borders with neighbors:

• India: 2,100 km (East)
• Afghanistan: 2,611 km (West/Northwest)
• Iran: 909 km (West)

• Arabian Sea coast: 1,058 km (South)
• Total land border: 6,219 km
• Land + Sea border: 7,277 km
• Land + Sea + LOC & Working Boundary: 8,340 km

Explanation

• WTO (World Trade Organization) was established on 1 January 1995.
• It succeeded GATT.
• Pakistan joined WTO on 1 January 1995.

Additional information:

• Members: 164
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Official Languages: English, French, Spanish

Objectives:

• Protect Intellectual Property Rights
• Promote Free Trade
• Remove Trade Quotas

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Europe is the only continent without a desert.
• It has a temperate climate with sufficient rainfall.

Additional information:

• Divided by the Ural Mountains
• Second-smallest continent
• Covers 2% of Earth’s surface
• Area: 10.18 million km²

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• The first census in Pakistan was held in 1951.

Additional information:

Total nationwide censuses in Pakistan: 7

• 1st Census: 1951
• 2nd Census: 1961
• 3rd Census: 1972
• 4th Census: 1981
• 5th Census: 1998
• 6th Census: 2017
• 7th Census: 2023

Frequency: Every 10 years (approx.)

Historical start: 1872 (British rule, first census in the region)

Last verified on 17-01-2026