Explanation

• RAM and Cache are volatile memories.
• It means their data is lost when power is turned off.
• Volatile memory requires continuous power to retain data.
• RAM is used for running programs and storing temporary data.
• Cache is a high-speed memory that stores frequently used data for the CPU.

Additional information:

• ROM is non-volatile and retains data without power.

Last verified on 16-02-2026

Explanation

• Linux is based on open-source software.
• It is a Unix-like operating system.
• Created by: Linus Torvalds (1991).
• It is widely used in servers, mobile devices, and supercomputers.

Last verified on 07-06-2026

Explanation

• The SQL command used to retrieve data from a database table is the SELECT statement.
• This command is fundamental to the Data Query Language (DQL) in SQL.

Last verified on 07-06-2026

Explanation

• The shortcut key to insert a new slide in a PowerPoint presentation is Ctrl + M.

Additional information:

• Ctrl + N shortcut key used to create a new presentation document.
• Ctrl + S shortcut key used to save a presentation.

Last verified on 29-05-2026

Explanation

• Pressing F2 allows you to edit the contents or formula of the current cell in MS Excel.

Additional information:

• F4: Repeat last action / toggle absolute and relative references
• CTRL + 1: Opens Format Cells dialog
• CTRL + F: Opens Find dialog
• Works in: Excel 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, 365

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• Start a presentation from the current slide: Shift+F5
• Start a presentation from the beginning: F5

Additional information

• Ctrl + N: Create a new presentation document
• Ctrl + M: Insert a new slide
• Ctrl + S: save a presentation

Last verified on 26-05-2026

Explanation

F5: Starts the slideshow from the beginning.

Shift+F5: Starts the slideshow from the current slide.

Alt+F5: Starts the presentation in Presenter View. 

Last updated 15-feb-2026

Explanation

• DOS stands for Disk Operating System.
• It is an early type of computer operating system used to manage files and programs.
• It works through text-based commands (command line).
• A famous example is MS-DOS used in early PCs. 
• Dennis Ritchie is the father of MS-DOS.
• It was developed in 1982.

Last verified on 19-04-2026

Explanation

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model has seven layers

1. Layer 7: Application Layer – User interface and network applications (e.g., HTTP, FTP).
2. Layer 6: Presentation Layer – Data formatting, encryption, and compression.
3. Layer 5: Session Layer – Managing sessions between applications.
4. Layer 4: Transport Layer – End-to-end connections, flow control, and segmentation (e.g., TCP, UDP).
5. Layer 3: Network Layer – Logical addressing and routing (e.g., IP).
6. Layer 2: Data Link Layer – Physical addressing (MAC addresses) and error detection.
7. Layer 1: Physical Layer – Raw data transmission over physical media (cables, radio waves)

Last updated 15-feb-2026

Explanation

In Microsoft PowerPoint 2016, a slide-title master pair consists of a specific

Slide Master (which controls the default layout, fonts, and colors for all slides)

Title Master (which specifically defines the layout for the presentation's title slide).

Last updated 15-feb-2026