PPSC ESE SCIENCE PAST PAPER 15-02-2026
پیپر میں جانے سے
پہلے یہ سوالات و سلیبس ایک بار ضرور پڑھ کر جائیں
PPSC 25
years Past Papers Click here
چار آپشن میں سے کسی ایک پر کلک کرنے سے جواب سرخ ہو جائے گا۔
پاکستان کا قومی جانور کون سا ہے؟
- Tiger
- Lion
- Arabian horse
- Markhor
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Explanation
- Markhor is the national animal of Pakistan.
- “Markhor” means “snake eater.”
- It is known as a symbol of bravery and sharp intelligence.
- It is large wild goat (Capra species).
- It is found in Central Asia, the Karakoram, and the Himalayan regions.
Additional information:
- National Bird: Chukar
- National Tree: Deodar
- National Dish: Nihari
- National Fruit: Mango
- National Flower: Jasmine
- National Vegetable: Lady Finger (Okra)
Last verified on 10-06-2026
- Chromosome 1
- Chromosome 21
- Chromosome 23
- Chromosome 7
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Explanation
Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.
Chromosome 21 is the smallest autosome in terms of base pairs.
Chromosome 1 is the largest autosome.
Chromosome 23 refers to sex chromosomes (X or Y), not autosomes.
Chromosome 21 is associated with Down syndrome when trisomic.
Last updated question 17-02-2026
- Gain of electrons and being reduced
- Loss of electrons and being oxidized
- No change
- Formation of a compound
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Explanation
- Oxidation state indicates the number of electrons an atom has gained or lost.
- Moving from –3 → 0 means the element loses 3 electrons.
- Loss of electrons is called oxidation.
- This process increases the element’s oxidation number.
- Example: Nitrogen in NH₃ (–3) → N₂ (0) during oxidation.
Last updated question 17-02-2026
- Glycolipids
- Glycoprotein
- Glycerol
- Phospholipids
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Explanation
- Cell membrane contains phospholipids, proteins, and glycoproteins.
- Glycoproteins form a sticky outer layer (glycocalyx).
- This layer slows the movement of molecules across the membrane.
- Glycolipids also reduce diffusion slightly, but less than glycoproteins.
- Glycerol does not affect cell diffusibility significantly.
Last updated question 17-02-2026
- Benzoic acid
- Potash alum
- Iodine
- Naphthalene
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Explanation
Sublimation: solid → gas without becoming liquid.
Iodine sublimes easily.
Benzoic acid also sublimes on heating.
Naphthalene is a common subliming substance.
Potash alum does not sublime; it melts and dissolves instead
Last updated question 17-02-2026
- 6
- 16
- 4
- 8
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Explanation
ABO blood group has 4 phenotypes: A, B, AB, O.
Genotypes are combinations of alleles A, B, O.
Possible genotypes: AA, AO, BB, BO, AB, OO.
Total number of genotypes = 6.
Determines the inheritance pattern of blood groups.
Last updated question 17-02-2026
- CuO
- CuBr
- CuCl₂
- CuSO₄
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Explanation
- Copper has two common oxidation states: +1 (cuprous) and +2 (cupric).
- In CuO, copper is +2 (Cu²⁺) → cupric oxide.
- In CuBr, copper is +1 (Cu⁺) → cuprous bromide.
- CuCl₂ and CuSO₄ also have copper in +2 state.
- The +1 state is more stable with less electronegative elements like bromine.
- Sepals
- Petals
- Leaves
- Stem
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Explanation
Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants (e.g., Amaranthus).
Flowers are usually small and inconspicuous.
Petals are absent in most species; flowers are apetalous.
Sepals are present and protect the flower.
Leaves and stems are present as normal vegetative structures.
Last updated question 17-02-2026
- Thin loop of Henle
- Thick loop of Henle
- Proximal tubule
- Collecting duct
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Explanation
- The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
- Sodium reabsorption occurs at different parts of the nephron.
- Thick loop of Henle actively pumps out Na⁺ using ATP (active transport).
- Thin loop of Henle mainly allows passive movement of water and ions.
- Proximal tubule reabsorbs Na⁺ mainly by secondary active transport; collecting duct fine-tunes Na⁺ under hormonal control (aldosterone).
Last updated question 17-02-2026
- Fe → Fe²⁺ + 2e⁻
- O₂ + 4e⁻ + 2H₂O → 4OH⁻
- Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + e⁻
- H₂ → 2H⁺ + 2e⁻
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Explanation
Rusting is an electrochemical process involving anodic and cathodic reactions.
Anodic reaction: Iron loses electrons → Fe → Fe²⁺ + 2e⁻.
Cathodic reaction: Oxygen in water gains electrons → O₂ + 4e⁻ + 2H₂O → 4OH⁻.
Fe²⁺ further reacts with O₂ and water to form hydrated Fe³⁺ oxides (rust).
The cathodic reaction is essential as it accepts electrons released by iron oxidation.