Explanation

Line spacing shortcuts:

• Ctrl + 1 → 1.0
• Ctrl + 2 → 2.0
• Ctrl + 5 → 1.5

Last verified on 07-03-2026

Explanation

• Main Cause: Freon / CFCs
• Effect: Breaks down O₃ molecules → more UV-B radiation
• Other Contributors: Halons, carbon tetrachloride
• Result: Skin cancer, cataracts, climate impact

• The Montreal Protocol (1987) aimed to reduce CFC emissions
• Ozone layer protects Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays

Explanation

CPU stands for Central Processing Unit

• CPU is an example of hardware
• A CPU contains  A control unit and an arithmetic logic unit
• The CPU and memory are located on Motherboard.
• The motherboard holds CPU, RAM and ROM chips, etc.

Explanation

Explanation

Sir Syed is considered as the first person to theorize the idea of separate nationhood for Muslims in subcontinent.

In a speech at Meerut in 1866 he presented on overall scenario of post colonial phase in

which he described Muslims and Hindus as two nations

Syed Ahmad Khan who presented the theory of the two nations 

He presented this theory In a speech at Meerut in 1866 

The two-nation theory is the basis of the creation of Pakistan.

The theory advocated by the All India Muslim League is the founding principle of the Pakistan Movement.

The state of India officially rejected the two-nation theory

agm19.3.23

Explanation

Goiter is caused by iodine deficiency.

It results in an enlarged thyroid gland.

Iodine deficiency can cause mental retardation in children.

Particularly if the deficiency occurs during fetal development or early childhood.

This is because iodine is essential for brain development and thyroid function.

The effects of the thyroid come from two iodine-containing hormones.

Explanation

The Central Nervous System (CNS) comprises the:

These two structures are the core of the nervous system, 

• The brain controls how we think, learn, move, and feel.
• The spinal cord carries messages back and forth between the brain and the nerves that run throughout the body..

Explanation

Explanation

The 'Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009

also known as the Kerry-Lugar-Berman Act

It was passed by the US Congress on 24 September and signed by President Obama on 15 October.

This bill provides Pakistan with a non-military aid package of US$1.5 billion annually, for the next five years

It was proposed by Senators John Kerry (D-Massachusetts) and Richard Lugar (R-Indiana).

Explanation

Dormant means: غیر فعال

Active means: فعال