Explanation

The Hawthorne studies were conducted between 1924 and 1932.

These studies took place at the Western Electric Company's Hawthorne Works in Chicago

Explanation

Role personality theory was given by Getzels and Guba.

Jacob W. Getzels and Egon G. Guba developed this theory, which focuses on the interaction between the individual's personality

And the roles they assume within an organization or social system.

The theory examines how personal characteristics and social roles influence behavior and performance.

Explanation

Intelligence is the ability to use knowledge.

It encompasses the capacity to learn, understand, and apply information effectively to solve problems, adapt to new situations, and think abstractly.

Explanation

Going from specific to general is called Inductive thinking.

Inductive reasoning involves making generalizations based on specific observations or experiences.

For example, if you observe that the sun rises in the east every morning, you might generalize that the sun always rises in the east.

Explanation

The process by which knowledge is created in the mind of the learner is called constructivism Constructivism is a theory of learning that suggests learners construct their understanding

And knowledge of the world through experiences and reflecting on those experiences

Explanation

B.F. Skinner, a prominent behaviorist, emphasized that learning involves both:

• the acquisition of new behavior
• the retention of that behavior over time.
  

Explanation

The percentage of knowledge gained through observation is often cited in various educational theories and models

But there isn't a universally agreed-upon figure.

The claim that 75% of knowledge is gained through observation may be an oversimplification or a misinterpretation of more nuanced findings.

Explanation

 the central principles of the Heuristic method indeed include "learning by doing."

The Heuristic method emphasizes active exploration and self-directed discovery, allowing students to learn through:

• experience
• experimentation
• problem-solving

Explanation

The statement “In discovery teaching methods, students are generally forced to work as scientists” is associated with Jerome Bruner.

Jerome Bruner was a key figure in the development of discovery learning,

Explanation

In developmental psychology, particularly in Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development

A scheme (or schema) is indeed an organized pattern of behavior or thought that a child develops when engaged in various activities.

Schemas are mental structures that help individuals organize and interpret information.