Explanation

When white light passes through a prism, it splits into 7 colors, forming a spectrum known as a rainbow:

1. Red
2. Orange
3. Yellow
4. Green
5. Blue
6. Indigo
7. Violet

The separation of visible light into its different colours is known as dispersion.

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

Suez Canal

• Location: Egypt
• Opened: 1869
• Length: 193 km
• Connection: Links Mediterranean Sea to Red Sea
• Purpose: Provides the shortest maritime route from Europe to Asia

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• DOCX is the newer version of DOC, the original official Microsoft Word file format. 
• Microsoft Word 97 - 2003 Document extension (.doc).
• Microsoft Word 2007 to till date Document extension (.docx).

Additional information:

• .xls extension of Excel.
• .ppt extension of PowerPoint.
• .txt extension of Text files.
• .pdf extension of Portable Document Format.

Last verified on 15-02-2026

Explanation

• Summative assessment is conducted at the end of a course, term, unit, or academic year to measure students' overall learning and achievement.
• It evaluates whether the learning objectives have been successfully achieved.

Common examples of summative assessments:

• Final examinations
• Board examinations
• End-of-term tests
• Final projects
• Annual assessments

Additional information:

• Diagnostic Assessment: In the beginning of learning → identifies prior knowledge, strengths, and weaknesses.
• Formative Assessment: In the middle/during learning → improves teaching and learning through feedback.

Last verified on 04-06-2026

Explanation

• The Indus Waters Treaty was signed on September 19, 1960, in Karachi.
• It was signed between Pakistan (President Ayub Khan) and India (Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru).
• It was brokered by the World Bank.

It became effective on April 1, 1960.

• Western Rivers (given to Pakistan): Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
• Eastern Rivers (given to India): Ravi, Beas, Sutlej

Last verified on 30-03-2026

Explanation

• Aga Khan III was the first president of the All-India Muslim League, founded in 1906.
• He led the Muslim deputation to the British Viceroy the same year to represent Muslim interests.
• Born: 2 November 1877, Karachi
• Died: 11 July 1957, Versoix, Switzerland
• Burial: Aga Khan Mausoleum, Egypt

Founders of All-India Muslim League:

1. Muhammad Ali Jinnah
2. Aga Khan III
3. Khwaja Salimullah
4. Hakim Ajmal Khan

Last verified on 16-03-2026

Explanation

• The largest planet in our solar system is Jupiter.
• 5th planet
• 79 known moons (Maximum number of moons)
• The Great Red Spot is a prominent feature
• Giant planet and the fastest-rotating planet 
• Rotates approximately once every 10 hours.
• Age is about 4.603 billion years.

Additional information

• Mercury is the smallest planet of the solar system.

*****

Last updated by NA on 25-April-2026

Explanation

• The SUM function in MS Excel is used to add numbers from selected cells or ranges (e.g., =SUM(A1:A5)).
• It is one of the most commonly used functions for quick total calculations in spreadsheets.

Last verified on 26-05-2026

Explanation

• Start a presentation from the current slide: Shift+F5
• Start a presentation from the beginning: F5

Additional information

• Ctrl + N: Create a new presentation document
• Ctrl + M: Insert a new slide
• Ctrl + S: save a presentation

Last verified on 26-05-2026

Explanation

• VLOOKUP stands for Vertical Lookup.
• It is used to search for a value in the first column of a table.
• It is categorized under Lookup and Reference functions in Excel.

Last verified on 26-05-2026