Explanation

• Became separate province: 1 April 1936, capital Karachi
• Annexed to Bombay Presidency: 1843
• Part of Pakistan: 14 August 1947 – 14 October 1955, capital Hyderabad
• Separation demanded by: Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1929 under Government of India Act 1935
• First Muslim League Government in Sindh: 1943

Last verified on 15-01-2026

Explanation

• Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell.
• Because they produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
• ATP is the energy currency of the cell.
• ATP provides energy for different cellular activities such as movement, growth, and transport.
• Energy is produced through aerobic cellular respiration using oxygen and الغذائی molecules.
• They are found in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells.
• Richard Altmann first described mitochondria in 1890.

Main Parts of a Cell:

1. Cell membrane → Outer protective layer
2. Nucleus → Controls cell activities
3. Cytoplasm → Jelly-like material between membrane and nucleus

Last verified on 09-05-2026

Explanation

• Kalabagh has the largest iron ore deposits in Pakistan.
• Kalabagh is located in Mianwali District, Punjab.
• The estimated iron ore reserves are about 309 million tons.

Additional information:

• Largest Coal Deposits: Thar Coalfield (Sindh)
• Uranium Deposits: Dera Ghazi Khan (Punjab)
• Fuller's Earth Deposits: Dera Ghazi Khan District (Punjab)

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• Founded: 1-July-1948
• Headquarters: Karachi, Sindh
• Founded by: Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• First Governor: Zahid Hussain
• First Female Governor: Shamshad Akhtar
• SBP Responsibility: Implement monetary policy

Last verified on 13-09-2026

Explanation

• Markhor is the national animal of Pakistan.
• “Markhor” means “snake eater.”
• It is known as a symbol of bravery and sharp intelligence.
• It is large wild goat (Capra species).
• It is found in Central Asia, the Karakoram, and the Himalayan regions.

Explanation

• Sui Gas Field is located near Sui, Balochistan, Pakistan.
• Discovered by Pakistan Petroleum Limited in 1952.
• Production started in 1955.
• It is Pakistan’s largest natural gas field.

Last verified on 15-01-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan joined the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in 1979.
• It is joined to strengthen relations with developing countries.

Additional information:

• Founded: 1961
• Founding Conference: Belgrade, Serbia
• Members: 120 developing countries
• Headquarters: Jakarta, Indonesia
• Founding Leaders: Jawaharlal Nehru, Sukarno, Josip Broz Tito, Kwame Nkrumah, Gamal Abdel Nasser

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

NOTE: Length: Old – 1,046 km, New – 1,058 km (both accepted in MCQs)

• Divisions: Sindh Coast – 270 km, Makran Coast – 720 km
• Major Location: Most of the coastline is in Balochistan
• Geographical Areas: Gwadar, Lasbela, Karachi, Thatta Coast
• Borders: Thatta Coast from Korangi Creek to Sir Creek; Rann of Kutch from Badin to Tharparkar

Last verified on 15-01-2026

Explanation

• Peak: Nanga Parbat
• Height: 8,126 m (26,660 ft)
• Rank in Pakistan: Second-highest
• World rank: Ninth-highest
• Meaning: Naked Mountain
• Nickname: Killer Mountain
• Location: Diamer District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
• Mountain range: Western Himalayas

Additional information:

• The highest peak in Pakistan is K2.
• It is also known as Chogori.
• It stands at 8,611 meters (28,268 feet) high.

Last verified on 13-10-2026

Explanation

The Great Wall of China was built during the reign of Qin Shi Huang.

He is the First Emperor who united China.

Initially constructed around 221 BC.

The wall was created as a defense against the Mongols.

The length of the Ming Great Wall is 8,851 km (5,500 mi).

The official total length of the Great Wall is 21,196 km (13,170 mi).