NSCT PAST PAPERS AND SYLLABUS
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چار آپشن میں سے کسی ایک پر کلک کرنے سے جواب سرخ ہو جائے گا۔
لینکس میں تمام فائلز اور ڈائریکٹریز کی فہرست دیکھنے کے لیے کون سا کمانڈ استعمال ہوتا ہے؟
- ls
- cd
- mkdir
- rm
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Explanation
The ls command in Linux is used to list all files and directories in the current location.
It can show detailed information with options like ls -l (long format) or ls -a (including hidden files).
cd is used to change directories, not list them.
mkdir creates a new directory, and rm deletes files or directories.
کون سا شیڈولنگ الگورتھم سی پی یو وقت کو پروسیس کرنے کے لیے "ٹائم کوانٹم" کا استعمال کرتا ہے؟
- Priority Scheduling
- Round Robin (RR)
- Shortest Job First (SJF)
- None of these
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Explanation
Round Robin (RR) is a CPU scheduling algorithm that assigns each process a fixed time slice called a time quantum.
Each process runs for the duration of the time quantum and then moves to the end of the ready queue if it isn’t finished.
It is a preemptive scheduling algorithm, meaning a process can be interrupted when its time quantum expires.
فلو چارٹ الگورتھم کی کون نمائندگی ہے؟
- Diagrammatic
- Symbolic
- Linked
- Both A & B
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Explanation
A flowchart visually represents an algorithm using diagrams and symbols.
Diagrammatic representation helps in understanding the flow of the process easily.
Symbolic representation uses standard shapes like ovals, rectangles, diamonds for start/end, processes, and decisions.
کون سا ایس ڈی ایل سی ماڈل قدم بہ قدم ترتیب وار (سیکوینشل) طریقہ اپناتا ہے؟
- Agile
- Waterfall
- Spiral
- Incremental
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Explanation
The Waterfall model is a linear and sequential SDLC model, where each phase must be completed before the next begins.
Typical phases include Requirement Analysis → Design → Implementation → Testing → Deployment → Maintenance.
It is easy to manage because of its structured approach.
Changes are difficult to implement once a phase is completed, unlike Agile.
ٹائم کمپلیکسٹی کس چیز کی پیمائش کرتی ہے؟
- Memory usage
- Speed of execution
- Code length
- Output size
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Explanation
- Time complexity helps developers choose efficient algorithms for faster execution.
- It helps predict performance for large datasets.
- Common notations include O(1), O(n), O(n²), etc.
- It does not measure memory usage—that is space complexity.
ٹو-فیکٹر آتھنٹیکیشن کے لیے کیا ضروری ہوتا ہے؟
- Only password
- Only OTP
- Password + second verification
- Username only
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Explanation
2FA (Two-Factor Authentication) adds an extra layer of security to accounts.
It requires something you know (like a password) and something you have or receive (like an OTP, SMS code, or authentication app).
This makes it harder for attackers to access your account even if they know your password.
Common forms include SMS codes, email codes, or authenticator apps.
سافٹ ویئر ریلیز کے بعد غلطیوں کو درست کرنا کیا کہلاتا ہے؟
- Preventive
- Adaptive
- Corrective
- Perfective
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Explanation
Corrective maintenance refers to fixing errors or bugs discovered after software has been released.
It ensures the software works as intended and meets user requirements.
Unlike preventive or adaptive maintenance, it reacts to problems rather than anticipating them.
Common examples include patches, bug fixes, and error corrections.
ٹرانسفارمرز کس چیز میں استعمال ہوتے ہیں؟
- Networking
- Natural Language Processing
- Hardware design
- Graphics
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Explanation
Transformers are a type of AI model used to process and understand human language.
They are widely used in language translation, text summarization, and chatbots.
Unlike older models, transformers can handle long-range dependencies in text efficiently.
Famous examples include ChatGPT, BERT, and GPT series.
ڈی ایس اے (اسٹیک) کس اصول کی پیروی کرتا ہے؟
- FIFO
- LIFO
- Random
- Circular
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Explanation
A stack is a data structure where the last element added is the first to be removed.
LIFO stands for Last In, First Out, reflecting this behavior.
Common examples include undo features in software and browser back buttons.
Stacks are used in function calls, recursion, and expression evaluation in programming.
- LIFO
- FIFO
- Random
- Priority only
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Explanation
A queue is a data structure where elements are processed in the order they arrive.
FIFO stands for First In, First Out,Meaning the first element added is the first one to be removed.
Common examples include print queues and lineups at stores.
It is the opposite to stack, which uses LIFO (Last In, First Out).
