NSCT PAST PAPERS AND SYLLABUS
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چار آپشن میں سے کسی ایک پر کلک کرنے سے جواب سرخ ہو جائے گا۔
- Gas
- Wind
- Electricity
- All remained the same
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Explanation
Wind energy usage has increased significantly in recent years due to renewable energy initiatives.
Gas and electricity often fluctuate but may remain stable relative to a base year.
Renewable energy sources like wind tend to show a steady upward trend.
Graph analysis focuses on comparing each energy type to its 2002 value.
- import pandas as pd
- import numpy as np
- import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
- import sklearn as sk
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Explanation
- Pandas is a Python library for data manipulation and analysis.
- The standard import statement is: import pandas as pd
- NumPy (import numpy as np) is for numerical computations.
- Matplotlib (import matplotlib.pyplot as plt) is for data visualization.
- Scikit-learn (import sklearn as sk) is for machine learning
ڈیٹا فالتو پن سے کیا مراد ہے؟
- Storing the same data in multiple places within a system
- Increasing the speed of data retrieval
- Encrypting data for security
- Removing unnecessary data from a system
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Explanation
Data redundancy occurs when the same piece of data is stored in more than one location.
It often happens in databases or storage systems.
Redundant data can waste storage space and increase the risk of inconsistencies.
It is not about speeding up retrieval or encryption.
- Updating system information on network
- Loading system
- It helps in routing
- It takes inputs from keywords and other devices
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Explanation
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is firmware that starts up the computer.
It initializes hardware like CPU, memory, and storage when the computer is powered on.
BIOS loads the operating system from the hard drive into memory.
It also provides basic communication between the OS and hardware devices.
- 4/8
- 5/9
- 5/8
- 4/9
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Explanation
New total balls = 3 + 4 + 1 + 1 = 9.
Green balls = 4 + 1 = 5.
Probability = 5/9
- Oval
- Rectangle
- Circle
- Rounded rectangle or filled circle
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Explanation
In Use Case Diagrams or Activity Diagrams, the start of a process is shown with a filled circle.
The end of a process is represented by a filled circle inside another circle (final node).
Ovals represent use cases, not start or end.
Rectangles are typically used for system boundaries.
These symbols help clearly show process flow in system modeling.
- Union of sets
- Intersection of sets
- Multiplication of sets
- Cartesian product of two sets
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Explanation
In set theory, the Cartesian product of two sets A and B is written as A × B (sometimes represented with * in programming contexts).
It produces a set of all ordered pairs (a, b) where a ∈ A and b ∈ B.
Union combines elements from both sets without pairing.
Intersection finds elements common to both sets.
Cartesian products are useful in relations, databases, and combinatorics.
- Represents the start of a process
- Represents an actor
- Represents a use case or functionality
- Represents the end of a process
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Explanation
In a Use Case Diagram, an oval denotes a use case, which is a specific functionality of the system.
Actors (users or external systems) are represented by stick figures.
The oval shows what the system does, not who does it.
Lines connect actors to the use cases they interact with.
Use Case Diagrams help visualize system behavior and user interaction
- Grammar is correct and unambiguous
- Lexical ambiguity – “duck” could be a noun or verb
- Spelling mistake
- Semantic ambiguity about “he”
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Explanation
Lexical ambiguity occurs when a word has multiple meanings.
In “He has duck,” “duck” could be a noun (the bird) or a verb (to lower the head quickly).
The sentence is grammatically correct but unclear in meaning.
NLP systems must disambiguate words using context.
- Malware only affects hardware; ransomware affects software
- Malware is malicious software; ransomware encrypts files and demands payment
- Malware requires payment; ransomware does not
- They are identical
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Explanation
- Malware is any software designed to harm or exploit a computer system.
- Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts files and demands payment to unlock them.
- Not all malware is ransomware; some just spy, delete, or slow down systems.
- Ransomware specifically targets user data for extortion.
- Understanding the difference helps in cybersecurity defense and response.
