NSCT PAST PAPERS AND SYLLABUS
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چار آپشن میں سے کسی ایک پر کلک کرنے سے جواب سرخ ہو جائے گا۔
ڈیٹا سٹرکچرز میں، پاپ کیا کرتا ہے؟
- Adds an element to the beginning
- Removes the last element
- Removes the first element
- Adds an element to the end
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Explanation
In a stack, pop removes the element from the top (the last element added).
Stacks follow the LIFO (Last In, First Out) principle.
The opposite operation of pop is push, which adds an element.
Pop is commonly used in undo operations, expression evaluation, and recursion.
It helps in retrieving and removing the most recently added data efficiently
- Using consistent colors
- Using too many labels or a distorted scale
- Accurate data representation
- Correct legends
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Explanation
Charts can mislead if the scale is distorted or labels are overwhelming.
This can make differences appear larger or smaller than they actually are.
Using consistent colors, correct legends, and accurate data ensures clarity.
Misleading charts can affect decisions and interpretations.
Always check the axis, scale, and labeling to avoid misrepresentation.
مندرجہ ذیل میں سے پری ایمپٹیو شیڈولنگ کے بارے میں کون سا درست ہے؟
- A process cannot be interrupted once started
- A process can be interrupted to allow a higher-priority process to run
- CPU is always allocated in a fixed order
- All processes run simultaneously
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Explanation
Preemptive scheduling allows the CPU to pause a running process if a higher-priority process needs it.
This ensures important tasks are handled promptly.
It is different from non-preemptive scheduling, where a process runs until completion.
Examples include Round Robin and Priority Scheduling.
مندرجہ ذیل میں سے پری ایمپٹیو شیڈولنگ کے بارے میں کون سا درست ہے؟
- Edge
- Vertex
- Cycle
- Degree
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Explanation
In graph theory, a node is also called a vertex.
Vertices represent points or entities in a graph.
Edges connect vertices, showing relationships between nodes.
Cycles are paths that start and end at the same vertex.
Degree refers to the number of edges connected to a vertex.
انٹرنیٹ میں کونسا پروٹوکول استعمال ہوتا ہے؟
- TCP/IP
- TCG/IP
- TCS/IP
- None of the above
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Explanation
TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol.
IP stands for Internet Protocol.
TCP/IP is the main protocol suite used for communication over the Internet.
IP handles the addressing and routing of data packets.
TCP ensures reliable delivery of data between devices.
Other protocols like HTTP, FTP, and SMTP work on top of TCP/IP.
TCP/IP allows different networks and devices to communicate seamlessly.
- 18 years
- 24 years
- 36 years
- 12 years
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Explanation
To find the age gap between the mother and daughter, we subtract the daughter's age from the mother's age:
Age gap=36−12=24
اگر شواہد غلطی سے بدل جائیں، تو کون سا سیکیورٹی عنصر متاثر ہوتا ہے؟
- Confidentiality
- Integrity
- Privacy
- Accuracy
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Explanation
- Integrity ensures that data or evidence remains accurate and unaltered.
- If evidence is accidentally changed, its integrity is compromised.
- Confidentiality relates to keeping information secret, not unchanged.
- Maintaining integrity is crucial in forensics, databases, and cybersecurity.
- Tools like checksums and hashes help verify data integrity.
سیٹلائٹ امیج انالیسس میں، درج ذیل میں سے کون سا کلاسفیکیشن کی مثال ہے؟
- Measuring the angle of sunlight on a surface
- Identifying roads, buildings, and vegetation in images
- Calculating the altitude of the satellite
- Determining the orbit path
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Explanation
Classification in satellite image analysis means assigning labels to different objects or areas.
Examples include roads, buildings, water bodies, and vegetation.
It helps in land use and land cover mapping.
Other options, like measuring angles or calculating altitude, are not classification tasks.
این ایل پی میں، "گریڈینٹ" سے عام طور پر کس چیز کا مطلب ہوتا ہے؟
- The slope of a curve in a decision tree
- The rate of change of loss with respect to model parameters
- The frequency of words in a text corpus
- A type of language model
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Explanation
In NLP, a gradient shows how much the loss changes when model parameters change.
It is used in training neural networks to improve predictions.
Gradients guide optimization algorithms like gradient descent.
They help the model learn by adjusting weights in the right direction.
Without gradients, deep learning models cannot improve their accuracy.
- Total packets sent over UDP
- Total segments exchanged during the connection
- Number of ICMP requests sent
- Number of hosts in the network
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Explanation
In a TCP connection, communication happens via segments.
The number of messages indicates how many segments were sent and received.
Each segment contains data and control information for reliable transmission.
This helps in monitoring connection activity and performance.
It is specific to TCP and does not apply to UDP or ICMP.
