NSCT PAST PAPER 04-04-2026
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چار آپشن میں سے کسی ایک پر کلک کرنے سے جواب سرخ ہو جائے گا۔
By length only
By character ASCII values in order
Randomly
By reversing strings
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Explanation
In C++, strings are compared lexicographi cally using the <, >, == operators.
Comparison proceeds character by character from left to right.
Each character is evaluated using its ASCII (or Unicode) value .
They are irrelevant for large input sizes
They are always zero
They depend on memory
They improve performance
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Explanation
Big-O notation measures the growth rate of an algorithm as input size increases.
Constants do not affect growth rate for large inputs, so they are ignored.
For example, O(3n) is simplified to O(n) in Big-O terms.
This helps focus on scalability rather than exact runtime .
Mobile devices are slower
Ensures optimal display on small screens before scaling up
Desktop always loads first
Reduces CSS file size
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Explanation
Mobile-first design starts with styles for small screens and adds enhancements for larger screens. This approach ensures the website is usable o n mobile devices, which have limited space. Media queries are then used to sca le layouts for tablets and desktops.
z-index
position
display
float
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Explanation
z-index controls the stacking order of overlapping elements in CSS.
Elements with a higher z-index appea r in front of elements with a lower z-index.
It only works on elements with a position value other than static (e.g., relative, absolute, fixed).
position sets how an element is positioned on the page but doesn’t control layering.
display and float affec t layout and flow, not stacking order
Border-radius
Border-style
Border-width
Border-color
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Explanation
The border-radius property in CSS creates rounded corners on elements.
You can specify a single value for uniform rounding or multiple values for different corners.
border-style defines the line style (solid, dashed, etc.).
border-width sets the thickness of the border.
border-color sets th e color of the border.
Can have both red or black root node
Has red root node
Has black root node
Root color does not matter
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Explanation
A Red-Black Tree is a self-balancing binary search tree.
One of its properties is that the root node is always black .
Other properties include:
Red nodes cannot h ave red children (no two reds in a row).
Every path from a node to its leaves has the same number of black nodes .
Reduces CPU usage by checking only one device
Ensures system always reads maximum available data efficiently
Avoids memory leaks
Minimizes network traffic
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Explanation
Max polling is commonly used in I/O operations and real-time systems.
It is a technique where the system reads all available data from a device or buffer in one go.
It reduces the number of polling cycles needed, improving efficiency.
Match between system and real world
User control and freedom
Consistency and standards
Aesthetic and minimalist design
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Explanation
User control and freedom allows users to undo or redo actions .
It helps users recover from mistakes without severe consequences.
Easier to implement
Violates interface segregation principle
Improves performance
No effect
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Explanation
The Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) states that clients should not be forced to depend on methods they do not use .
If an interface has too many unrelated methods , it becomes difficult to implement and maintain .
Clients may be forced to implement methods that are irrelevant to them.
Ignores negative edges
Finds shortest paths even with negative edges
Converts negative edges to zero
Throws an error
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Explanation
The Floyd–Warshall algorithm computes shortest paths between all pairs of vertices .
It supports negative edge weights , as long as there are no negative cycles .
Negative cycles make the shortest path undefined , which Floyd–Warshall can detect.