Explanation

• Ethical data use means respecting users' privacy and keeping their information safe.
• Protecting user information prevents misuse, theft, or unauthorized access.
• It ensures that data is only used for its intended and approved purpose.
• Organizations build trust with users by handling data responsibly.
• It follows legal and moral guidelines related to data protection and security.

Explanation

• Data authentication is the process of verifying the origin and integrity of data,
• Ensuring that it comes from a legitimate sender and has not been tampered with or altered during transmission. 
• Data origin authentication proves that the stated sender is the source of the data.
• Data integrity ensures the data has not been modified.
• Data encryption (Option B) is a separate mechanism used for confidentiality, not for direct authentication.

Explanation

• Binary search is faster than linear search except for small arrays.
• However, the array must be sorted first to apply binary search.

Explanation

 In most programming languages like C++, Java, and Python:

• false is internally stored as 0
• true is stored as 1

 That’s why false behaves like 0 in mathematical operations.

Explanation

PII means any information that can identify a person

 Examples include:

• Name
• CNIC / ID number
• Phone number
• Email address

Explanation

Explanation

Explanation