Explanation

• CLCV stands for Cotton Leaf Curl Virus.
• It is a viral disease affecting cotton crops.
• Causes leaf curling, stunted growth, and reduced yield.
• Major problem in Pakistan, India, and other cotton-growing regions.
• Transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci).

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for root development and flowering in plants.

Common phosphorus fertilizers include:

• SSP (Single Super Phosphate)
• DAP (Diammonium Phosphate)
• Nitrophos (contains N and P)

MOP (Muriate of Potash) provides potassium (K), not phosphorus.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Bolting is the rapid growth of the flowering stem (inflorescence).
• Observed in sugarbeet, where the plant shifts from vegetative to reproductive stage.
• Causes reduced root yield and sugar content.
• Triggered by long day conditions or stress.
• Important to manage for better crop harvest.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Castor bean (Ricinus communis) is grown for oil extraction from seeds.
• The oil, called castor oil, has industrial and medicinal uses.
• It is classified as an oilseed crop.
• Grows in tropical and subtropical regions.
• Seeds contain ricin, a toxic compound, so processing is important.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most widely grown wheat worldwide.
• It has six sets of chromosomes (hexaploid, 2n = 6x = 42).
• Hexaploid nature gives it genetic diversity and high yield potential.
• Originated from natural hybridization between tetraploid wheat and wild grass.
• Used mainly for bread, flour, and bakery products.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Root crops are plants where the edible part grows underground.
• Carrot is a taproot crop, rich in nutrients like beta-carotene.
• Root crops are important for food and nutrition.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• KS-282 and KS-133 are high-yielding coarse rice cultivars.
• Developed for better grain quality and disease resistance.
• Coarse rice is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions.
• These cultivars help improve food security and farmer income.
• Suitable for both irrigated and rainfed conditions.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Photorespiration is a process where Rubisco enzyme reacts with O₂ instead of CO₂, reducing photosynthetic efficiency.
• It occurs mainly in C3 plants like wheat, rice, and soybean.
• Leads to loss of energy and fixed carbon in plants.
• More common in hot and dry conditions.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Plants need nitrogen for protein and chlorophyll synthesis.
• Nitrogen in soil is absorbed mainly as nitrate (NO₃⁻) and ammonium (NH₄⁺) ions.
• Soil bacteria help convert organic nitrogen into these forms.
• Essential for healthy plant growth and higher crop yield.
• Nitrogen deficiency causes yellowing of leaves.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp.) is a common weed in rice fields.
• It competes with rice plants for nutrients, water, and sunlight.
• Reduces yield and affects crop quality.
• Common in flooded and irrigated rice paddies.
• Effective weed management is crucial for rice cultivation.

Last verified on 12-02-2026