Explanation

• Insects are part of the class Insecta in the animal kingdom.
• They have 3 body parts: head, thorax, and abdomen.
• Most insects have 6 legs and 4 wings.
• They are the largest group of animals on Earth.
• Examples: Butterfly, Bee, Grasshopper, Dragonfly.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Rhizobium bacteria live in root nodules of leguminous plants (e.g., peas, beans).
  • They convert atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃), a usable form for plants.
  • This process is called nitrogen fixation.
  • It enriches soil fertility naturally.
  • Essential for plant growth and agriculture.

Last verified on 12-01-2026

Explanation

• Phenotype means the visible appearance or expressed traits of an organism.
• It includes features like height, eye color, and shape.
• It is the result of genotype + environment.
• What we can observe directly is phenotype.
• Used widely in genetics studies.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Protein foods come from both animal and plant sources.
  • Animal sources include seafood, meat, poultry, and eggs.
  • Plant sources include beans, peas, lentils, nuts, seeds, and soy products.
  • These foods help in body growth and tissue repair.
  • Protein is an essential nutrient.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Botanically, a fruit develops from the flower and contains seeds.
• Tomato, pumpkin, and melon grow from flowers and have seeds → fruits.
• Potato is an underground stem (tuber), not a fruit.
• It is classified as a vegetable.
• Used mainly as a root/tuber crop.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Humidity means the amount of water vapor in air.
• It is measured using a psychrometer.
• A psychrometer has two thermometers: dry bulb and wet bulb.

Additional information:

• A psychrometer is a type of hygrometer.
• It helps in weather forecasting and climate studies.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Wheat (Triticum aestivum) belongs to the grass family (Poaceae).
• Its flower arrangement (inflorescence) is called a spike.
• In a spike, the spikelets are attached directly to the main axis without stalks.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. 
• Non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the human body.
• Essential amino acids must be obtained from diet. 
• Essential amino acids: Lysine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine, Phenylalanine, Histidine
• Glutamine is non-essential because the body can produce it.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• L-113, PR-100, and BL-4 are improved varieties of cotton.
• They developed for higher yield and better fiber quality. 
• Cotton is a major cash crop in Pakistan.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• The Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) is a serious pest of stored grains.
• It causing damage to cereals like rice, wheat, barley, and sorghum.
• It is highly destructive and difficult to control.

Additional information:

• Khapra beetle prefers dry, stored grains and can survive long without food.
• Control methods include fumigation, proper storage, and cleaning silos.

Last verified on 11-02-2026