Explanation

• China: Largest cotton-producing country.
• Textile Industry: 7,500 companies.
• Annual Production: US $73 billion of cotton cloth.

Additional information:

• India: Second largest cotton producer.
• USA: Third largest cotton producer.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Introduced by the Government of India Act 1919.
• Diarchy = system of shared rule in provinces under British India.
• Meaning: “Double system of government” – two heads responsible for administration.
• Introduced by Edwin Samuel Montagu and Lord Chelmsford.
• Ended by Government of India Act 1935, which established provincial autonomy.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Plants need gas exchange for photosynthesis and respiration.
• Exchange of CO₂, O₂, and water vapor occurs through stomata on leaves.
• Stomata are tiny pores controlled by guard cells.

Additional information:

• Helps maintain internal water balance and gas diffusion.
• Essential for growth, energy production, and transpiration.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• Chlorophyll is the green pigment responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
• It captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy to make food.

• Plants use chlorophyll to produce glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis.
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll a and b, which absorb sunlight.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• The progeny of Breeder Seed is called Foundation Seed.
• Foundation Seed is genetically pure and used to produce Certified Seed for farmers.
• It acts as a bridge between experimental breeder seed and commercial seed production.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• Gram blight is a fungal disease affecting gram (chickpea) plants.
• Caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Ascochyta blight).
• Leads to leaf spots, stem lesions, and pod damage, reducing yield.
• Occurs mainly in cool and wet climates.
• Managed by resistant varieties, crop rotation, and fungicides.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• Herbicides are chemicals used to control unwanted plants (weeds).
• A selective herbicide targets specific parts of a plant, such as roots, without harming other parts or neighboring plants.

Additional information:

• Example of selective herbicide: 2,4-D, which kills broadleaf weeds but not grasses.
• Selective herbicides are widely used in agriculture to protect crops.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Leguminous plants form a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria.
• These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into usable forms.
• This process improves soil fertility naturally.
• On average, nitrogen fixation by legumes adds about 210 kg nitrogen per hectare.
• Reduces the need for chemical nitrogen fertilizers.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• The study of tissues is called Histology.
• It involves examining the structure, composition, and function of cells and tissues under a microscope.
  

Additional information:

• Geology is the study of rocks and Earth's structure.
• Radiology is the study of medical imaging techniques like X-rays and MRI.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• Nitrobacter bacteria convert nitrite (NO₂⁻) into nitrate (NO₃⁻) in the soil.
• This is the second step of the nitrification process, which is important for plant nutrition.
• Nitrite is toxic to plants, but nitrate is easily absorbed as a nutrient.

Last verified on 22-01-2026