Explanation

• Pomology is the branch of horticulture that deals with the study, cultivation, and production of fruits.
• Includes fruit breeding, harvesting, storage, and marketing.
• Examples of fruits studied: apple, mango, citrus, banana, grapes.

Last verified on 31-01-2026

Explanation

• Nocturnal insects are active at night.
• Examples include moths, crickets, and many beetles.

Additional information:

• Diurnal insects: Active during the day (e.g., butterflies, bees)
• Crepuscular insects: Active at dawn and dusk (e.g., mosquitoes, some moths)

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Microbiologists study microorganisms using specific media that provide nutrients for growth.
• Agar is widely used because it is solid at room temperature and supports the growth of many bacteria.

Additional information:

• Agar is derived from red algae.
• It was first used in 1882 by Fannie Hesse for culturing bacteria.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• A trade surplus occurs when a country exports more goods than it imports.
• It indicates that a nation is earning more from exports than it is spending on imports.
• Trade surplus strengthens a country’s economy and foreign reserves.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Gram blight is a fungal disease affecting gram (chickpea) plants.
• Caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Ascochyta blight).
• Leads to leaf spots, stem lesions, and pod damage, reducing yield.
• Occurs mainly in cool and wet climates.
• Managed by resistant varieties, crop rotation, and fungicides.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• In ODI cricket, the highest individual score for Pakistan is 210 not out by Fakhar Zaman.
• This record was set against Zimbabwe in 2018.

Additional information:

• Babar Azam: 122 in T20I (highest for Pakistan in T20)
• Hanif Mohammad: 337 in Test cricket (highest Test score for Pakistan)

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I.
  • It was signed on 28 June 1919 between Germany and the Allied Powers.
  • The treaty codified terms, reparations, and territorial changes after the war.
  • It laid the foundation for post-war international relations and the League of Nations.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Srinagar–Muzaffarabad bus service was started to improve people-to-people contact between Indian-administered and Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
• The service was inaugurated in 2005 under a confidence-building initiative.
• It helped families separated by the Line of Control (LoC) meet and strengthened cross-border communication.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Razia Sultana was the first female ruler of Delhi Sultanate.
  • She ruled India from 1236 to 1240.
  • She was the daughter of Sultan Shams-ud-Din Iltutmish and Turkan Khatun.
  • Known for her bravery, intelligence, and administrative skills.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Machu Picchu is an ancient Incan city.
  • It was built around 1450 AD and symbolizes the Incan Empire.
  • It is located in Peru.
  • Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.
  • Named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in 2007.

Last verified on 01-02-2026