NSCT PAST PAPERS AND SYLLABUS
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- Program runs successfully
- Compile-time syntax error
- Undefined reference (linker error)
- Infinite loop
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Explanation
The extern keyword declares a function without providing its definition.
display() is called in main, but the compiler cannot find its actual implementation.
Compilation passes the syntax check, but linking fails.
The linker reports an undefined reference error.
- Default values are not allowed in functions
- Default parameters must be declared from right to left
- Parameters must be initialized to zero
- Function syntax is invalid
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Explanation
In C++, default arguments must be assigned from right to left.
If a parameter has a default value, all parameters to its right must also have defaults.
The rule ensures unambiguous function calls.
- true, true
- false, false
- true, false
- false, true
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Explanation
== does type coercion → false == 0 → true
=== checks type + value → boolean ≠ number → false
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 10
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Explanation
- Start value = 0
-
Increment by +2 each time
Iterations:
-
1 → 2
-
2 → 4
-
3 → 6
-
4 → 8
-
5 → 10
-
After 5 iterations, value reaches 10 (limit).
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It should not exceed 10, so we stop here.
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Total iterations = 5.
- for loop
- while loop
- do-while loop
- if statement
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Explanation
An if statement checks a condition and executes once if it is true.
It does not loop repeatedly, unlike for, while, or do-while loops.
It effectively stops after the first true condition is evaluated.
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
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Explanation
- Initial value: x = 0
-
Loop runs while x < 5
Iterations:
-
1st: x = 0 + 2 = 2
-
2nd: x = 2 + 2 = 4
-
3rd: x = 4 + 2 = 6
-
Now x = 6, condition x < 5 becomes false, loop stops.
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Final value printed is 6.
- System shutdown
- Turn firewall off
- Switch off power abruptly
- Implement load balancing or throttling
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Explanation
Load balancing distributes incoming data across multiple systems to reduce overload.
Throttling limits the rate of incoming requests to keep the system stable.
These methods help prevent crashes while keeping services running.
- TCP
- UDP
- FTP
- HTTP
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Explanation
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol.
It sends data without establishing a connection between sender and receiver.
UDP is faster but less reliable than TCP.
TCP is connection-oriented and ensures data delivery.
- Browser does not support the video format
- Code syntax error
- Operating system issue
- Video file missing
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Explanation
The syntax is already correct, so the issue is not in the code.
Browsers support only certain formats like MP4, WebM, or OGG.
- All devices connect through a single central switch or hub
- Each device has independent connections
- Devices are isolated
- Network has no central management
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Explanation
