Explanation

• NASA’s Perseverance rover landed on Mars on 18 February 2021.
• It landed in Jezero Crater, an ancient lakebed on Mars.
• The mission aimed to search for signs of ancient microbial life.
• It also collected rock and soil samples for possible future return to Earth.

Last verified on 06-09-2026

Explanation

• Ishaq Dar is the current and 39th Foreign Minister of Pakistan
• Since March 2024.
• He replaced Jalil Abbas Jilani.
• Note: Senator Mohammad Ishaq Dar is the 4th Deputy Prime Minister of Pakistan

Update & verified on 24-04-2026

Reference Click here 

Explanation

• Balendra Shah, known as Balen Shah is the Current Prime Minister of Nepal since 2026.
• He replaced Sushila Karki.
• He also became the youngest PM of Nepal at the age of 35.

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Last verified on 02-08-2026

Explanation

• The Indus Waters Treaty was signed on September 19, 1960, in Karachi.
• It was signed between Pakistan (President Ayub Khan) and India (Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru).
• It was brokered by the World Bank.

It became effective on April 1, 1960.

• Western Rivers (given to Pakistan): Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
• Eastern Rivers (given to India): Ravi, Beas, Sutlej

Last verified on 30-03-2026

Explanation

• World Health Organization (WHO) HQ: Geneva
• WHO founded: 7 April 1948
• WHO members: 194
• World Health Day: 7 April

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• Passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan in 1985.
• Received Presidential assent: 9 November 1985.
• Published in the official Gazette: 11 November 1985.
• Enforced during General Zia-ul-Haq's rule.
• Gave the President greater powers.
• Allowed the President to dissolve the National Assembly under Article 58(2)(b).
• Allowed dismissal of the Prime Minister and elected government.
• Repealed in 1997 by the Thirteenth Amendment.

Last updated by NA on 16-07-2026

Explanation

• Host Country: Azerbaijan
• Host City: Baku
• Venue: Baku Olympic Stadium
• Dates: 11–22 November 2024
• President: Mukhtar Babayev

Additional information:

• COP27 – Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt (2022)
• COP28 – Dubai, United Arab Emirates (2023)
• COP30 – Belém, Brazil (2025)
• COP31 – Australia (planned, 2026)

Last verified on 09-07-2026

Explanation

• Battle of Yarmouk: Fought between the Byzantine Empire and Muslim forces under Khalid bin Waleed.
• Dates: August 15 to August 20, 636 AD.
• Location: Near the Yarmouk River.
• Caliphate: During the reign of Hazrat Umar (RA).
• Result: Decisive victory for the Muslims, marking the end of Byzantine rule in Syria.

Last verified on 12-06-2026

Explanation

• Justice Ayesha Malik became the first female judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan.
• She was sworn in on 24 January 2022 by Chief Justice Gulzar Ahmed.
• Previously, she served at Lahore High Court (March 2012 – Jan 2022).

Additional information:

• Appointed by: President Arif Alvi
• Tenure: Until June 2031
• Supreme Court judges total: 17
• Retirement age: Supreme Court – 65, High Court – 62

Last verified on 18-03-2026

Explanation

• The Constitution of Pakistan 1973 guarantees fundamental rights to citizens.
• Article 10-A ensures the right to fair trial and due process.
• This article was added through the 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2010.
• It applies to both civil rights and criminal cases.
• It strengthens justice and protects individuals from unfair treatment.

Last verified on 11-05-2026