Explanation

• Battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
• Batteries work by using a galvanic cell.
• It is an electrochemical device made up of two electrodes and an electrolyte solution.

Last verified on 16-03-2026

Explanation

• A lactometer is used to measure the purity and density (thickness) of milk.
• It checks if milk has been adulterated with water by measuring specific gravity.
• Works on the principle of buoyancy.
• Pure milk specific gravity: 1.028–1.032 at 15°C

Last verified on 16-03-2026

Explanation

United Nations (UNO) – Security Council & Membership

• UNO Founded: 24 October 1945
• Headquarters: New York, United States
• Total UNO Members: 193

Security Council Composition:

• Permanent Members (5): China, France, Russia, UK, USA
• Non-Permanent Members (10): Elected by General Assembly for a 2-year term

Pakistan as Non-Permanent Member:

Pakistan has served 8 times in the Security Council:

1. 1952–1953
2. 1968–1969
3. 1976–1977
4. 1983–1984
5. 1993–1994
6. 2003–2004
7. 2012–2013
8. 2025–2026

Last verified on 28-01-2026

Explanation

• The ozone layer acts as Earth’s natural sunscreen, protecting life from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
• UV radiation can cause skin cancer, eye damage, and harm to plants and animals.

Additional information:

• Chemical Formula: O₃ (three oxygen atoms)
• Layer Location: Stratosphere, 15–40 km above Earth
• Function: Absorbs UV-B and UV-C rays from the Sun
• Depletion Causes: Air pollution, CFCs, industrial chemicals
• Protection Measures: Reduce CFC use, ozone-friendly products

Last verified on 09-03-2026

Explanation

• The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean in the world.
• It covers about 70 million square kilometers of Earth's surface.
• It lies between Africa, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica.
• It is named after India, because India lies at its northern boundary.

Additional information:

1. Pacific Ocean – Largest ocean (~165 million km²)
2. Atlantic Ocean – Second largest (~106 million km²)
3. Indian Ocean – Third largest (~70 million km²)
4. Southern Ocean – Fourth largest
5. Arctic Ocean – Smallest ocean

Last verified on 06-03-2026

Explanation

• Fuzzy means جو صاف نہ ہو
• Clear means جو صاف ہو

Last verified on 06-03-2026

Explanation

Shukriya Khanum (c. 1935 – 14 May 2017) was a Pakistani pilot.

She was Pakistan’s first woman to obtain a commercial pilot license.

She was died of cancer in 2017 at the age of 82 in Lahore.

Explanation

Boisterous means ہلڑباز، ادھم مچانے والا

Noisy means شور

Explanation

Explanation

As altitude increases, pressure decreases because there is less air above, resulting in less weight pressing down.

This causes the air to become less dense and "thinner," meaning there are fewer air molecules in a given volume. 

Pressure measures force per unit area, with SI units of pascals (1 pascal = 1 newton per square metre, 1 N/m2).