Explanation

The Cyanamide process can also convert nitrogen (N₂) to ammonia (NH₃).

Calcium cyanamide reacts with water to produce ammonia: CaCN2 + 3H2O → CaCO3 + 2NH3

Explanation

Enthalpy (H) is the total heat content of a system at constant pressure.

It represents the energy required to create the system and do work on its surroundings.

Explanation

Noble gases are chemically inert and generally do not form compounds.

Hence, their oxidation state is 0 in elemental form.

Explanation

The azimuthal quantum number (l) determines the shape of an atomic orbital (s, p, d, f).

It also defines the angular momentum of the electron.

Explanation

Urea (CO(NH₂)₂) contains ~46% nitrogen, the highest among common fertilizers.

Ammonium phosphate and ammonium nitrate have lower nitrogen percentages.

Explanation

Na₃ indicates three sodium ions → “Trisodium”.

The complex anion is [Co(NO₂)₆]³⁻, with cobalt in +3 oxidation state.

Hence, the full IUPAC name: Trisodium hexanitrocobaltate (III).

Explanation

Boyle’s law states that at constant temperature, the pressure (P) of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume (V).

Mathematical form: PV=K, where K is a constant.

Explanation

Electronegativity decreases down a group and across a period from right to left.

Among Ge, Sb, Ce, I → Ce is a rare earth metal with the lowest tendency to attract electrons.

Explanation

Water softening uses a cation exchange resin containing sodium ions (Na⁺).

Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions in hard water are replaced by Na⁺, softening the water.

Explanation

Complete combustion of fuels produces carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O).

Reaction: Fuel + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + Energy.