Explanation

• Ocean water is not drinkable due to a high amount of sodium chloride (common salt).
• This salt makes water too salty for human consumption.
• Seawater also contains small amounts of other dissolved minerals.
• High salt concentration causes dehydration in the human body.

Last verified on 25-06-2026

Explanation

• Pressure can be defined as the force acting per unit area.
•  Pascal (Pa) is the SI unit of pressure.
• In SI base units kg⋅m−1⋅s−2
• Derivations from other quantities: p = F / A
• Dimension unit: M L^−1 T^-2

Additional information 

The SI unit of energy/work is the joule (J)

Last updated on 09-03-2026

Explanation

Protons are one of the three main subatomic particles that make up an atom.

Classification: Baryon

Composition: 2 up quarks (u), 1 down quark (d)

Statistics: Fermionic

Family: Hadron

Interactions: Gravity, electromagnetic, weak, strong

Symbol p, p+, N+, 11H+

Antiparticle Antiproton

Theorized: William Prout (1815)

Discovered : observed as H+ by Eugen Goldstein (1886). Identified in other nuclei (and named) by Ernest Rutherford (1917–1920).

Explanation

The unit of molar volume is L/mol (liters per mole) or its metric equivalents like m³/mol, dm³/mol, or cm³/mol.

This unit reflects that molar volume is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance. 

Additional information

mol/L:

This is the unit for molarity, which represents the concentration of a solution. 

g/mol:

This is the unit for molar mass, which is the mass of one mole of a substance. 

mol/g:

This is the inverse of molar mass, not a standard unit for molar volume. 

Explanation

Ion exchange resins are typically synthetic polymers,

But zeolites are naturally occurring or synthetic aluminosilicates used as ion exchangers, especially in water softening.  

- Activated carbon is for adsorption.  

- Graphite and silica gel have other applications.

Explanation

To convert Celsius (°C) to Fahrenheit (°F), the formula is:

°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32

Explanation

The synthesis loop is the core part of the ammonia production process,

Nitrogen and hydrogen gases are reacted under high pressure and temperature in the presence of a catalyst to form ammonia. 

Explanation

 Freeze drying (lyophilization) removes water by sublimation at low temperatures → ideal for heat-sensitive drugs or biologicals.  

- Vacuum drying and spray drying involve some heat.  

- Convective drying uses hot air → not suitable for sensitive substances.

Explanation

Filtration rate depends on:  

  - Particle size: Smaller particles clog pores more, reducing rate.  

  - Filtration pressure: Higher pressure = faster filtration.  

  - Medium thickness: Thicker medium slows down the flow.  

- Temperature may affect viscosity, but it's not a direct filtration parameter.

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Explanation

Ideal gas equation: PV = nRT  

To solve for n (moles):  

n = PV / RT