Explanation

• The official estimate for 2006–07 sugarcane production was 54.8 million tons.
• It showed recovery due to better area under cultivation and improved yield.

Additional information:

• Wheat → ~23–24 million tons
• Rice → ~5.4–5.6 million tons
• Cotton → ~12–13 million bales
• Maize → ~3 million tons

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• In FY 2006–07, ACAC (chaired by the SBP Governor) approved Rs. 160 billion target.

Additional information:

• 2005–06 target → Rs. 130 billion
• Increase → 23%

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• A market glut occurs when there is excess supply compared to demand.
• Sellers lower prices to clear stock, causing a price drop.

Additional information:

• Shortage → excess demand, price rises
• Equilibrium → supply = demand
• Surplus stock → unsold inventory increases
• Dumping → selling excess goods at very low prices

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• In 2004, Pakistan launched the National Program for Improvement of Watercourses (NPIW).
• Project cost: Rs. 66 billion (initial estimate).

Additional information:

• The project covered approximately 86,000 watercourses across Pakistan.
• Seepage and conveyance losses account for 40–50% of water loss before reaching crops.
• Objective: Minimize water losses, improve irrigation efficiency, and support agriculture.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan’s forests are classified into commercial (production) and protection forests.
• Total forest cover is low, estimated between 2% and 5.7% of the country’s area.
• Around one-third (33%) of forest area is commercial, managed for timber and other products.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• The share of livestock in agricultural growth almost doubled in 10 years from 25.3% in 1996 to 49.6% in 2006.
• Growth was driven by dairy, poultry, and meat production improvements.
• Livestock is now a major contributor to Pakistan’s GDP.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Manipulation of genes is part of genetic engineering, a branch of biotechnology.
• Cheese making uses microbes to ferment milk, which is an example of traditional biotechnology.
• Manipulation of biological systems refers to modern biotechnology applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Cell membrane (plasma membrane) surrounds the cytoplasm of animal cells.
• It is selectively permeable, allowing some substances to pass while blocking others.

Additional information:

• Made of lipid bilayer with proteins.
• Plays a role in cell signaling and communication.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Genes are units of heredity found on chromosomes that carry instructions for traits.
• They control physical characteristics, biochemical processes, and even sex determination.
• Genes are made of DNA.
• They are passed from parents to offspring.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Crown gall is a bacterial disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
• It produces tumor-like growths (galls) on roots, stems, and crowns of plants.
• Commonly affects fruit trees, grapes, and ornamental plants.

Last verified on 11-02-2026