Explanation

Certiorari is a writ issued by a higher court to a lower court/tribunal to send the record for review.

Its purpose is to ensure the lower authority acted within its jurisdiction and law.

Explanation

A divorce pronounced during death illness (marz-ul-maut) is considered valid in Islamic law.

This prevents the wife from unjustly inheriting after the husband’s death.

Explanation

Legal rules are formal, codified, and subject to change by legislation.

Legal principles are broader, fundamental doctrines of justice, not created or replaced like rules but guiding interpretations.

Explanation

The principle that a larger bench’s decision binds a smaller bench is described by higher courts as judicial norms.

It ensures consistency, hierarchy, and discipline in judicial precedents.

Explanation

Explanation

Courts do not require evidence on facts already admitted, as they are considered proved.

Evidence is only needed for disputed facts in issue.

Explanation

Under the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984, an expert is one who has special knowledge, skill, or experience in a particular field.

Courts rely on such experts to form opinions on technical or specialized matters.

Explanation

Explanation

Persona non grata is a Latin term in diplomacy meaning a foreign diplomat unacceptable to the host country.

Such a person may be expelled or denied entry under international law (Vienna Convention).

Explanation

Animus confitendi is a Latin legal term meaning the intention to confess.

It refers to a statement made voluntarily with the purpose of admission.