Explanation

The U.S. Senate comprises 100 members, with two senators representing each of the 50 states. 

Composition: Each state is equally represented, with two senators. 

Elections: Senators are elected for six-year terms. 

Constitutional Basis: The 17th Amendment to the Constitution provides for the direct election of senators by the people of each state. 

Explanation

A key feature of the U.S. Constitution is that it establishes a federal system, dividing powers between the federal government and states.

This ensures a balance of authority and protection of state autonomy.

Explanation

Inter alia is a Latin term meaning “among other things.”

It is used in legal documents to include examples without limiting the scope.

Explanation

A debenture is a document issued by a company acknowledging its debt or loan liability.

It serves as evidence of borrowing, usually with a promise to repay with interest.

Explanation

Overrule means a higher court declares a previous judgment/precedent as no longer valid law.

This ensures that incorrect or outdated legal principles are corrected.

Explanation

Prima facie case means a case that appears to have sufficient evidence at first glance.

It does not decide the final outcome but shows there is a valid ground to proceed.

Explanation

It is the duty of the court to ascertain and ensure that the proper court fee is paid on pleadings/documents.

This maintains the legality and validity of proceedings.

Explanation

Under Rule 152 of the Pakistan Legal Practitioners and Bar Council Rules 1976, an advocate must not advise violation of law.

Exception: this does not apply if advice is given in good faith that a particular law is invalid.

Explanation

To practice before the Supreme Court of Pakistan, an advocate must be enrolled and a member of the Supreme Court Bar Association.

This ensures only qualified and recognized advocates appear before the apex court.

Explanation

Rule 134 makes it the duty of every advocate to uphold the dignity and high standing of the legal profession.

This ensures respect for the profession and the advocate’s own standing as its member.