Explanation

Section 40 of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 defines offence as: “a thing made punishable by this Code”.

It also includes “an act or omission punishable by any law for the time being in force in Pakistan”.

Explanation

Under the Qanoon-e-Shahadat Order, 1984, an accomplice is a competent witness except in offences punishable with Hadd.

This is because Hadd punishments require strict, unimpeachable evidence, and the testimony of an accomplice alone is not admissible.

Explanation

Parole means the conditional early release of a prisoner before completing the full sentence, subject to good behavior.

Unlike bail, which is pre-trial release, parole applies after conviction.

Explanation

The 2nd Schedule of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1898 classifies offences as compoundable and non-compoundable.

This classification guides whether parties can settle the offence privately or if it must proceed through the court.

Explanation

Hadd refers to fixed punishments prescribed in the Qur’an and Sunnah as the right of Allah.

Unlike Tazir (discretionary punishments), Hadd punishments are mandatory when proved.

Explanation

Section 154 Cr.P.C. 1898 deals with the information of cognizable offences, commonly known as FIR (First Information Report).

It requires the police to record such information in writing and enter it in the prescribed book.

Explanation

Under Cr.P.C. 1898, a Sessions Judge may pass any sentence authorized by law.

However, a death sentence requires confirmation by the High Court before execution.

Explanation

Section 164 Cr.P.C. 1898 deals with the recording of confessions and statements by a Magistrate.

It requires the Magistrate to make a memorandum at the foot of the record of confession confirming it was made voluntarily.

Explanation

Explanation

Article 17(2)(a) of the Qanoon-e-Shahadat Order, 1984, requires one male and two female witnesses in cases relating to financial obligations or future liabilities.

This provision is derived from Islamic injunctions (Qur’an 2:282) regarding testimony in financial matters.