Explanation

• Caliph Umar (R.A.) introduced the system of salaries and allowances for Muslim soldiers.
• Caliphate: 634–644 AD (13–23 AH)
• Administrative Reform: Diwan (State Register)
• Capital: Madinah

Additional information:

• Hazrat Umar (R.A.) also established the Bayt-ul-Mal (State Treasury) to manage state finances.
• He introduced the Hijri Calendar in 638 AD (17 AH)

Last verified on 19-07-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Umar (RA) was given the title "Al-Farooq" because he distinguished between truth and falsehood.
• Al-Farooq means "the one who distinguishes between right and wrong."
• Second Caliph: 634–644 AD (13–23 AH)
• Predecessor: Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)
• Successor: Hazrat Uthman (RA)

Last verified on 19-07-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Umar (R.A.) started the practice of offering Tarawih prayers in congregation during Ramadan.
• This was organized in 14 AH during his Caliphate.
• He gathered the Muslims behind Hazrat Ubayy ibn Ka'b (R.A.) as the Imam.
• Tarawih is a Sunnah Mu'akkadah (Emphasized Sunnah).
• It is offered after Isha and before Witr during the month of Ramadan.

Last verified on 18-07-2026

Explanation

• Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) established the system of Bait-ul-Mal.
• He appointed Abdullah ibn Masud (RA) as its custodian.
• Bait-ul-Mal means the House of Wealth / Public Treasury.
• It was used to manage Islamic state finances.
• This system ensured fair distribution of resources.

Last verified on 27-04-2026

Explanation

1. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.) → First Caliph (632–634 CE)
2. Hazrat Umar (R.A.) → Second Caliph (634–644 CE)
3. Hazrat Usman (R.A.) → Third Caliph (644–656 CE)
4. Hazrat Ali (R.A.) → Fourth Caliph (656–661 CE)

Last verified on 30-06-2026

Explanation

• Fatimah bint al-Khattab (RA) was the sister of Hazrat Umar (RA) who accepted Islam.
• She and her husband Hazrat Saeed bin Zaid (RA) were among early Muslims.
• Hazrat Umar (RA) became angry and struck her after her conversion.
• This incident later led to his acceptance of Islam.

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Umar (RA) belonged to the Banu Adi clan of Quraysh.
• He was the second Caliph of Islam.
• His caliphate lasted from 634 CE to 644 CE.
• He succeeded Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA).

Last verified on 26-04-2026

Explanation

• Battle of Yarmouk: Fought between the Byzantine Empire and Muslim forces under Khalid bin Waleed.
• Dates: August 15 to August 20, 636 AD.
• Location: Near the Yarmouk River.
• Caliphate: During the reign of Hazrat Umar (RA).
• Result: Decisive victory for the Muslims, marking the end of Byzantine rule in Syria.

Last verified on 27-04-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Umar (RA) organized and strengthened the consultative system of governance known as Majlis-e-Shoora.
• He used it for important state decisions, justice, and administration.

Additional information:

• Second Caliph of Islam
• Established Bait-ul-Maal system
• Introduced judicial reforms
• Divided empire into provinces

Last verified on 31-05-2026

Explanation

Some books mention 10, but the standard historical view is that Hazrat Umar (RA) divided the empire into 8 main provinces for administration.

کچھ کتابوں میں دس جواب لکھا جو کہ غلط ہے اصل جواب 8 ہی ہے

The most widely accepted historical view is that Hazrat Umar (RA) divided the Islamic state into 8 main provinces:

• Makkah
• Madinah
• Syria (Shaam)
• Iraq
• Egypt
• Persia (Iran region)
• Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia)
• Bahrain / Eastern Arabia

Why do some books say “10”?

Some references include sub-governorships or later administrative additions (like smaller regions under governors), which increases the count to 9 or 10, but those are not the original main provinces.

Last verified by NS dated 27-05-2026