Hoarding is declared a punishable offense primarily under Section 3 of legislation such as the Price Control and Prevention of Profiteering and Hoarding Act, 1977 (in its application to Pakistan) and provincial laws like the Punjab Prevention of Hoarding Act, 2020.
Section 76 of the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) deals with Acts done by mistake of fact, believing oneself bound by law.
The full text of the section states: "Nothing is an offense which is done by a person who is, or who by reason of a mistake of fact and not by reason of a mistake of law in good faith believes himself to be, bound by law to do it".
This provides a "general exception" to criminal liability in such specific circumstances, such as a police officer mistakenly but in good faith arresting the wrong person while executing a court order.
Section 83 of the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) provides immunity to Children between 7 and 12 years of immature understanding.
This section states that a child above seven years but under twelve who lacks the maturity to understand the consequences of their actions is not considered criminally liable.
Article 29 states that the Principles of Policy are defined in the Constitution from Articles 29 to 40, and it also specifies the responsibility of each organ and authority of the State to act in accordance with these principles.
In the Constitution of India, Article 46 of the Directive Principles of State Policy makes it a principle of state policy to promote the educational and economic interests of backward classes.
This article grants the High Courts the power to issue various orders (writs), including directions for the enforcement of any of the Fundamental Rights conferred by Chapter 1 of Part II of the Constitution.
Article 184(3):
This article grants the Supreme Court of Pakistan original jurisdiction to make orders for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights, but only if a question of public importance is involved.
Article 186:
This article provides for the advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, where the President may seek the Court's opinion on a question of law of public importance.
Article 10A:
This article guarantees the right to a fair trial and due process, but it does not provide the specific writ jurisdiction power to the High Courts.
Specifically, Article 184(1) states that the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of every other court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute between any two or more Governments, where "Governments" means the Federal Government and the Provincial Governments.
The provision "The State shall secure the well-being of the people, irrespective of sex, caste, creed, or race, by raising their standard of living" is part of Article 38 of the Constitution of Pakistan.
Article 15 is part of the Right to Equality under the Indian Constitution.
It prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth, and is an extension of Article 14, which establishes equality before the law.
