Explanation

• Bahrain is an independent country, not an emirate of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
• The UAE was established on 2 December 1971.
• It consists of 7 emirates, each ruled by its own emir.
• Emirates (States): 7 – Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah, Fujairah

Last verified on 05-08-2026

Explanation

• Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium
• NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
• Founded: 4 April 1949 (Washington, USA).
• Type: Military Alliance.
• Official Languages: English & French.
• Founding Members: 12

Total Members: 32

• European: 30
• North American: 2

Latest Member: Sweden (joined 7 March 2024)

• Muslim Member Country: Türkiye
• Pakistan: Not a NATO member

List of NATO member countries:

1. Albania
2. Belgium
3. Bulgaria
4. Canada
5. Croatia
6. Czechia
7. Denmark
8. Estonia
9. France
10. Germany
11. Greece
12. Hungary
13. Iceland
14. Italy
15. Latvia
16. Lithuania
17. Luxembourg
18. Montenegro
19. Netherlands
20. North Macedonia
21. Norway
22. Poland
23. Portugal
24. Romania
25. Slovakia
26. Slovenia
27. Spain
28. Turkiye
29. United Kingdom
30. United States
31. Finland
32. Sweden

Last verified on 10-05-2026

Explanation

• Kalabagh has the largest iron ore deposits in Pakistan.
• Kalabagh is located in Mianwali District, Punjab.
• The estimated iron ore reserves are about 309 million tons.

Additional information:

• Largest Coal Deposits: Thar Coalfield (Sindh)
• Uranium Deposits: Dera Ghazi Khan (Punjab)
• Fuller's Earth Deposits: Dera Ghazi Khan District (Punjab)

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• Raja Dahir was the last Hindu ruler of Sindh, defeated by Muhammad bin Qasim in 712 CE.
• Muhammad bin Qasim invaded Sindh in 711 CE under the Umayyad Caliphate.
• Raja Dahir was killed in the Battle of Aror (712 CE) while defending his kingdom.
• The conquest established the first lasting Muslim rule in Sindh.

Last verified on 05-08-2026

Explanation

Urdu was declared Official Language of Pakistan under article 251 of the constitution 1973.

The 1973 Constitution contained:

•  280 articles
•  07 schedules with Objective Resolution.
• 12 chapters 

Effective date: 14 August 1973

• Drafted by the Government of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
• The Constitution declared Pakistan an Islamic Republic and Islam as the state religion.

Last verified on 05-08-2026

Explanation

• The first census in Pakistan was held in 1951.

Additional information:

Total nationwide censuses in Pakistan: 7

• 1st Census: 1951
• 2nd Census: 1961
• 3rd Census: 1972
• 4th Census: 1981
• 5th Census: 1998
• 6th Census: 2017
• 7th Census: 2023

Frequency: Every 10 years (approx.)

Historical start: 1872 (British rule, first census in the region)

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• Operation Polo was launched by the Indian Army on 13 September 1948 against the Hyderabad State.
• The operation ended on 17 September 1948, leading to the accession of Hyderabad to India.
• It is also known as the "Police Action."
• The operation was conducted during the rule of the Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali Khan.
• The campaign lasted 5 days.

Last verified on 05-08-2026

Explanation

• Published: 28 August 1928
• Place: Lucknow Conference
• Chairman: Motilal Nehru
• Member: Jawaharlal Nehru
• Main Demand: Dominion status & federal system for India
• Muslim League Response: Muhammad Ali Jinnah rejected it and presented his 14 Points.

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

• The third Prime Minister of Pakistan was Mohammad Ali Bogra.
• Term: April 17, 1953 – August 11, 1955.
• Party: Muslim League.
• Predecessor: Khawaja Nazimuddin.
• Successor: Chaudhri Muhammad Ali.

Additional information:

 Term#   Name

1              Liaquat Ali Khan

2              Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin

3              Mohammad Ali Bogra

4              Chaudhry Mohammad Ali

5              Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy

6              Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar

7              Sir Feroze Khan Noon

8              Nurul Amin

9              Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

10           Muhammad Khan Junejo

11           Benazir Bhutto

12           Nawaz Sharif

13           Benazir Bhutto

14           Nawaz Sharif

15           Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali

16           Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain

17           Shaukat Aziz

18           Yousaf Raza Gillani

19           Raja Pervaiz Ashraf

20           Nawaz Sharif

21           Shahid Khaqan Abbasi

22           Imran Khan

23           Shahbaz Sharif

Last verified on 04-08-2036

Explanation

• Viceroy: Lord Minto (1905–1910)
• All-India Muslim League Founded: 30 December 1906
• Place of Establishment: Dhaka (now in Bangladesh)
• Simla Deputation: 1 October 1906
• Minto–Morley Reforms: 1909

Last verified on 05-08-2026