Explanation

• Gulp means لقمہ ۔ گھونٹ
• Swallow means نگلنا

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• Agriculture divides crops into Kharif (summer) and Rabi (winter).
• Barley and Mustard are Rabi crops.
• Kharif crops are grown in summer season (rainy season).
• Barley and mustard grow in winter season (cool climate).

Kharif Crops (Summer)

• Rice
• Cotton
• Maize
• Sugarcane
• Millet

Rabi Crops (Winter)

• Wheat
• Barley
• Mustard
• Gram (Chickpea)
• Lentils

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• More than 36% of Pakistan’s forests are coniferous and scrub forests.
• These forests are mostly found in northern and hilly areas.
• Coniferous forests include pine, deodar, and fir trees.
• Scrub forests grow in dry and semi-arid regions.

Additional information:

• Riverine forests → ~7%
• Mangrove forests → ~7%
• Irrigated plantations → ~10%

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• The Hari Enquiry Committee was formed to review agricultural conditions.
• It recommended abolition of Begar (forced/free labour system).
• Begar meant farmers were forced to work without wages.
• The committee aimed to improve rights of peasants (Haris).
• It was an important step toward agricultural reforms in Sindh.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• Ferghana (Fergana Valley) is located in Central Asia.
• It was ruled by Babur in his early life.
• Babur became ruler of Ferghana at a young age in 1494 AD.
• The region is now part of modern Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
• It later became the starting point of the Mughal Empire expansion.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• This statement was made by Muhammad Ali Jinnah after the Second Round Table Conference (1931).
• He expressed disappointment over Hindu political attitudes toward minorities.
• The conference failed to resolve constitutional issues in India.
• It increased Muslim–Hindu political differences.
• This strengthened Jinnah’s belief in a separate Muslim identity.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• Constitution of Pakistan 1973 Article 69 protects parliamentary proceedings.
• It states that court cannot question Parliament’s proceedings on procedural irregularities.
• This ensures parliamentary independence.
• Courts can only intervene in cases of constitutional violation, not procedure issues.

Additional information:

• Article 68 → Restrictions on discussion in Parliament
• Article 70 → Introduction of bills
• Article 85 → Federal Consolidated Fund matters
• Article 86 → Supplementary budget provisions

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• The British introduced major modern systems in India during their rule.
• They established the telegraph system for fast communication.
• They built the railway network for transport and trade.
• They also influenced society with British values, laws, and norms.
• 1853 → First railway line (Bombay to Thane)
• 1850s → Telegraph system introduced
• 1860s → Postal system expanded

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• The civil disobedience movement led by the Congress was suspended under the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
• It was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin in 1931.
• Congress agreed to stop the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• In return, political prisoners were released and restrictions were eased.

Last verified on 29-04-2026