Explanation

• The Communal Award was announced in August 16, 1932.
• It was given by Ramsay MacDonald.
• It introduced separate electorates for different communities.
• Aimed to provide political representation to minorities.
• It came after the 3rd Round Table Conferences.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• Simla Agreement was signed on 2 July 1972.
• It took place in Shimla, India.
• Signed between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Indira Gandhi.
• It aimed to resolve issues after the 1971 war.
• Both countries agreed to settle disputes through bilateral talks.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• The Haji Shariatullah started the Faraizi Movement in 1818.
• It was a religious and social reform movement in Bengal.
• The aim was to encourage Muslims to strictly follow Islamic duties (Faraiz).
• He was called Ustad (teacher) by his followers.
• After Haji Shariatullah, his son Dudu Miyan continued the movement.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• SEATO was founded on 8 September 1954.
• Pakistan joined SEATO in the same year 1954 as a member.
• It was a Cold War military alliance led by the United States.
• Pakistan later withdrew its association in the 1970s (after 1972/1973 period changes).
• SEATO was officially dissolved in 1977.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• “Dauntless” means fearless, which shows courage.
• So the relationship is quality → state/trait.
• “Unruffled” means calm and not disturbed.
• It reflects the quality of composure.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• The gathering at Jallianwala Bagh in 1919 was a peaceful protest.
• People were protesting against the Rowlatt Act.
• The Act allowed arrest without trial and strict control over Indians.
• It also protested the arrest of leaders like Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal.
• The protest led to the tragic Jallianwala Bagh massacre (13 April 1919).

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan and Iran signed the gas supply agreement in 2009.
• The deal was part of the Iran-Pakistan (IP) Gas Pipeline Project.
• Under this agreement, Iran would supply 750 million cubic feet gas per day.
• The project aimed to overcome Pakistan’s energy crisis.
• It was a major step in regional energy cooperation.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) regulates oil and gas pricing in Pakistan.
• It reviews and recommends petroleum prices.
• OGRA ensures transparency and fair pricing mechanism.
• It works under the Government of Pakistan.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• Article 35A was revoked on 5 August 2019 by the Government of India.
• The move was widely viewed as enabling demographic changes in Kashmir.
• It removed special rights related to residency and property ownership.
• The decision was linked with revocation of Article 370.
• It created significant political and regional tensions.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• An agreement on the demarcation of boundaries was concluded between Pakistan and China in the year on 2 March 1963.
• Pak china's boundary line was demarcated during the era of Ayyub Khan.
• This agreement called The Sino-Pakistan Agreement.
• The Sino-Pakistan Agreement is a 1963 document between the governments of Pakistan and China establishing the border between those countries in the disputed Kashmir region.

The agreement was signed by: 

• China: Marshal Chen Yi, Plenipotentiary of the Government of the People's Republic of China
• Pakistan: Z. Ali Bhutto, Plenipotentiary of the Government of Pakistan

Last verified on 30-03-2026