Explanation

• Ali ibn Abi Talib (656 to 661 CE) shifted the capital from Madinah to Kufa.
• This change happened around 657 CE (36 AH) after internal conflicts like the Battle of Jamal.
• Earlier, Madinah was the capital during the first three caliphs.
• He is buried in Najaf.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• The police system was first established by Umar ibn al-Khattab.
• He was the second Caliph (634–644 CE).
• A proper system of law enforcement and public safety was organized.
• He also introduced the Hijri calendar.
• He established systems like Bait-ul-Mal (treasury) and judiciary.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

Passage: Science affects the average man and woman in two ways. He or she benefits by its applications, driving in a motorcar or omnibus instead of a horse-drawn vehicle, being treated for diseases by a doctor or surgeon rather than a witch, and being killed with an automatic pistol or a shell in place of a dagger or battle-axe. It also affects his or her opinions, almost everyone believes that the earth is round, and the heavens nearly empty, instead of being solid. And we are beginning to believe in our animal ancestry and the possibility of vast improvements in human nature by biological methods.

1. A suitable title for the passage would be? Impact of Science

2. Science has made man aware of? His ancestry

3. Which of the following statements is incorrect in the context of the passage? 

A. Man has benefits from science

B. Diseases have been reduced by science

C. Man now uses guns to kill

D. Science has changed man's life

4. The impact of Science has? Made us look afresh at ourselves

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• The error is in “over crowded”.
• The correct form is “overcrowded” (one word).
• “Overcrowded” is a compound adjective, so it should not be separated.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• Detest means نفرت
• Hate means نفرت

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

Anguish means تکلیف

• Agony means اذیت
• Great sorrow or pain means بڑا دکھ یا درد

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• A hydrogen bomb works on the principle of nuclear fusion.
• In this process, light atoms (like hydrogen isotopes) combine.
• This fusion releases extremely large energy.
• It is more powerful than an atomic bomb (which uses fission).
• Therefore, it involves complete fusion of atoms.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• The chemical name of chalk is Calcium carbonate.
• Its chemical formula is CaCO₃.
• It is a soft, white mineral.
• Commonly used in blackboard chalk and limestone.
• Found naturally in rocks and marine shells.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

Composition of Air:

• Nitrogen → 78%
• Oxygen → 20.95%
• Argon → 0.93%
• Carbon dioxide → 0.04%
• Other gases → very small traces

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation