Explanation

• Plants need gas exchange for photosynthesis and respiration.
• Exchange of CO₂, O₂, and water vapor occurs through stomata on leaves.
• Stomata are tiny pores controlled by guard cells.

Additional information:

• Helps maintain internal water balance and gas diffusion.
• Essential for growth, energy production, and transpiration.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

Canberra is the capital city of Australia

Additional information
Currency is the Australian Dollar.

The official language is English.

The national game is Cricket.

Located in the continent of Oceania.

Primary Religion is Christianity (but a secular country).

Head of Govt is Prime Minister  - Anthony Albanese.

Parliament is called the Federal Parliament.

Australia flag has three colours.

Tricks for Remember

DOLLAR

 Li-Ne-US-Ca-Fi-T-E-A

Mind trick: Li ne(a name) who lives in US likes Coffee(Ca- Fi) and Tea(T-E-A)

**Li-Ne**

Li-Liberia

Ne-New Zealand

**US**

United States

**Ca-Fi**

Ca-Canadian

Fi- Fizzi

**T-E-A**

T-Taiwan

E-Ethiopia

A-Australia

Must read

Capital of World Countries

Currency of World Countries

Last verified on 12-06-2026

Explanation

• World War II: Global war, 1939–1945.
• Little Boy: Dropped on Hiroshima, 6 August 1945.
• Fat Man: Dropped on Nagasaki, 9 August 1945, 11:01 AM.
  

Additional information:

• World War I: Global war in Europe, 28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918.

Last verified on 17-05-2026

Explanation

• Shahrah-e-Resham (Karakoram Highway) connects Pakistan and China through Khunjerab Pass.
• It is the highest paved international road in the world.
• It links Hassan Abdal (Pakistan) with Kashgar (China).
• It passes through the Karakoram mountain range.
• It is a symbol of strong Pakistan–China friendship.

Additional information:

• The highway is also known as the Karakoram Highway (N-35).
• It was completed in 1979.
• Its total length is about 1,300 km.
• It is often called the “Eighth Wonder of the World” due to its difficult terrain.

Last verified on 17-05-2026

Explanation

• Location: Kaghan Valley, Naran area
• District: Mansehra
• Province: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK)
• Distance from Naran: ~9 km north
• Nearby peak: Malika Parbat (highest in Kaghan Valley)

Last verified on 03-04-2026

Explanation

• World Health Organization (WHO) HQ: Geneva
• WHO founded: 7 April 1948
• WHO members: 194
• World Health Day: 7 April

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• The Indus Waters Treaty was signed on September 19, 1960, in Karachi.
• It was signed between Pakistan (President Ayub Khan) and India (Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru).
• It was brokered by the World Bank.

It became effective on April 1, 1960.

• Western Rivers (given to Pakistan): Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
• Eastern Rivers (given to India): Ravi, Beas, Sutlej

Last verified on 30-03-2026

Explanation

• Also called Ghazwa-e-Ahzab or Battle of the Trench.
• It was fought in 5 A.H (627 CE).

Additional information:

• Muslims: ~3,000; Kufar: ~10,000; Munafiqeen: ~10,000 involved.
• Lasted 30 days; fought by Arabian & Jewish tribes of Yathrib.
• Hazrat Salman Al-Farsi suggested digging the trench to defend the city.

Last verified 13-03-2026

Explanation

• Brave means بہادر
• Fearful means خوف زدہ
• Coward means بزدل

Last verified on 12-06-2026

Explanation

• Mars is known as the Red Planet due to its reddish appearance.
• Its surface contains iron oxide (rust) which gives it a red color.
• It is the 4th planet from the Sun in the solar system.
• Mars has two small moons: Phobos and Deimos.
• Mars is often called the “planet of future exploration”.

Last verified on 12-06-2026