Explanation

• Pakistan and Iran signed the gas supply agreement in 2009.
• The deal was part of the Iran-Pakistan (IP) Gas Pipeline Project.
• Under this agreement, Iran would supply 750 million cubic feet gas per day.
• The project aimed to overcome Pakistan’s energy crisis.
• It was a major step in regional energy cooperation.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) regulates oil and gas pricing in Pakistan.
• It reviews and recommends petroleum prices.
• OGRA ensures transparency and fair pricing mechanism.
• It works under the Government of Pakistan.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• Article 35A was revoked on 5 August 2019 by the Government of India.
• The move was widely viewed as enabling demographic changes in Kashmir.
• It removed special rights related to residency and property ownership.
• The decision was linked with revocation of Article 370.
• It created significant political and regional tensions.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• An agreement on the demarcation of boundaries was concluded between Pakistan and China in the year on 2 March 1963.
• Pak china's boundary line was demarcated during the era of Ayyub Khan.
• This agreement called The Sino-Pakistan Agreement.
• The Sino-Pakistan Agreement is a 1963 document between the governments of Pakistan and China establishing the border between those countries in the disputed Kashmir region.

The agreement was signed by: 

• China: Marshal Chen Yi, Plenipotentiary of the Government of the People's Republic of China
• Pakistan: Z. Ali Bhutto, Plenipotentiary of the Government of Pakistan

Last verified on 30-03-2026

Explanation

• The plains of the Indus River are very fertile and extensive.
• They cover about 20% of Pakistan’s total land area.
• The Indus River is approximately 2900 km long.
• These plains are important for agriculture and population settlement.
• They form the backbone of Pakistan’s irrigation system.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• The opposition to the Partition of Bengal (1905) was led by Congress leaders.
• Sir Pherozeshah Mehta was an important early Congress leader.
• He played a key role in mobilizing opposition against British decision.
• The movement led to the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement.
• It became a major phase of Indian nationalist struggle.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• The book Pakistan in the Twentieth Century: A Political History is written by Lawrence Ziring.
• It presents a detailed political history of Pakistan.
• The book covers events from British India to modern Pakistan.

Additional information:

• Ayesha Jalal → The Sole Spokesman
• Sugata Bose → Modern South Asia
• Stanley Wolpert → Jinnah of Pakistan
• I. H. Qureshi → The Struggle for Pakistan

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• Dyarchy was introduced under the Government of India Act 1919 (Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms).

In this system, provincial powers were divided into two parts.

1. Some subjects were controlled by provincial ministers (elected representatives).
2. Other subjects were controlled by Governor and executive officers.

Transferred Subjects (Indian Ministers):

• Education
• Health
• Agriculture
• Local Government

Reserved Subjects (Governor):

• Police
• Finance
• Irrigation
• Law and Order

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• During Lord Curzon (1899–1905), Congress used boycott of British goods as a protest tactic.
• It was part of the broader Swadeshi and anti-partition movement.
• The aim was to weaken British economic control.
• People were encouraged to use local Indian products instead of British goods.
• The boycott movement strengthened Indian nationalism.
• It laid the foundation for later mass movements like Non-Cooperation Movement (1920).

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• Vicinity means قرب و جوار ۔ پڑوس
• Neighbourhood means محلہ

Last verified on 29-04-2026