Explanation

• First Introduced: 1933 by Chaudhary Rahmat Ali.
• Pamphlet: Titled "Now or Never" meaning Are We to Live or Perish Forever?

Additional information:

• First Use of Pakistan: Word appeared for the first time in this pamphlet.
• Based On: Two-nation theory of Syed Ahmed Khan.

Regions Represented (Pakistan):

1. Punjab
2. Afghanistan
3. Kashmir
4. Sindh
5. Baluchistan

Last verified on 24-03-2026

Explanation

• Muhammad Ali Jinnah went to London in 1931 (self-exile).
• He became disappointed with Indian politics at that time.
• Muslim leaders requested him to return and lead them.
• He came back to India in 1934.
• After return, he reorganized the All-India Muslim League.
• Jinnah is called “Quaid-e-Azam” (Great Leader).

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• The Silk Letter Movement was started by Mahmud Hasan Deobandi and Ubaidullah Sindhi.
• It began around 1913 as a secret movement against British rule.
• Messages were written on silk cloth to avoid detection.
• The aim was to gain foreign support (Afghanistan, Turkey).
• It continued until 1920 but was later exposed by the British.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• The Quit India Movement was launched in August 1942.
• It was led by Mahatma Gandhi against British rule.
• The British government reacted with strict action and mass arrests.
• Gandhi and other leaders were immediately jailed.
• Muhammad Ali Jinnah did not support the Quit India Movement.
• The movement slogan was “Do or Die.”

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• Muhammad Ali Jinnah became disillusioned during the All Parties Conference (December 1928).
• The conference discussed the Nehru Report.
• Jinnah proposed amendments to protect Muslim rights, but they were rejected.
• This led him to feel that Hindus were not willing to accommodate Muslims.
• He then decided on “parting of the ways”, marking a turning point in history.
• Jinnah is called the “Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity” before this event.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• The Partition of Bengal, implemented in 1905 by Lord Curzon.
• It was formally annulled in 1911. 
• He divided Bengal into two provinces on 16-10-1905.

The province was divided into:

• West Bengal, which had a majority of Hindus,
• East Bengal, which had a majority of Muslims

Last verified on 30-03-2026

Explanation

• The Partition of Bengal was carried out on 16-10-1905 by Lord Curzon.
• Bengal was divided into East Bengal & Assam and West Bengal.
• The main purpose was administrative efficiency, but it had political effects.
• It created strong opposition from Hindus and support from many Muslims.
• The partition was later reversed in 1911.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC)

• Also known as the Indus Civilisation.
• A Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia.
• Existed from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE.
• Reached its mature phase between 2600 BCE and 1900 BCE.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• “Dauntless” means fearless, which shows courage.
• So the relationship is quality → state/trait.
• “Unruffled” means calm and not disturbed.
• It reflects the quality of composure.

Last verified on 29-04-2026

Explanation

• The gathering at Jallianwala Bagh in 1919 was a peaceful protest.
• People were protesting against the Rowlatt Act.
• The Act allowed arrest without trial and strict control over Indians.
• It also protested the arrest of leaders like Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal.
• The protest led to the tragic Jallianwala Bagh massacre (13 April 1919).

Last verified on 29-04-2026