Explanation

• COVID-19 was declared a global health emergency on 30 January 2020 by the World Health Organization.
• The disease was first identified in December 2019.
• On 11 March 2020, WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic.
• 5 May 2023 – WHO ended the global health emergency.

Last verified on 08-07-2026

Explanation

• NPT Purpose: To stop the spread of nuclear weapons and promote peaceful uses of nuclear energy
• It was opened for signature on 1 July 1968.
• It was came into force on 5 March 1970.
• Members: 191 States Parties

Additional information:

Members of the Five Nuclear-Weapon States under NPT:

• China
• France
• Russia
• United Kingdom
• United States

Official Languages of NPT:

• English
• Russian
• French
• Spanish
• Chinese

Last verified on 28-01-2026

Explanation

• Geopolitics is the study of how geography influences politics and international relations.
• It examines how location, borders, resources, and strategic position affect a country's foreign policy.
• The Swedish political scientist Rudolf Kjellén introduced the term "Geopolitics" in 1899.

Last verified on 08-07-2026

Explanation

• The Magna Carta was signed by King John of England on 15 June 1215 AD.
• Official Name: Magna Carta Libertatum ("Great Charter of Liberties").
• It was agreed at Runnymede, near Windsor, England.
• The charter limited the powers of the king and established that everyone, including the monarch, was subject to the law.
• It protected the rights of the Church and the barons against unlawful imprisonment.

Last verified on 07-07-2026

Explanation

• Main Concerns: Accuracy, transparency, cybersecurity
• Technology: Electronic Voting Machine (EVM)
• Related Institution: Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP)
• Purpose: Electronic casting and counting of votes
• Country: Pakistan

Last verified on 07-07-2026

Explanation

• Signed into law: 19 April 2010
• National Assembly approval: 8 April 2010
• Senate approval: 15 April 2010
• Main change: Removed President’s power to dissolve Parliament

Last verified on 10-05-2026

Explanation

• Civil aviation regulations in Pakistan come under the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).
• The CAA regulates civil aviation, airports, air navigation, and aviation safety in Pakistan.
• It ensures compliance with national and international aviation standards.
• It licenses pilots, airlines, and aviation personnel.
• It also manages and supervises civil airports across the country.

Last verified on 07-07-2026

Explanation

• First Commander-in-Chief: General Sir Frank Messervy (Aug 1947 – Feb 1948)

• Second Commander-in-Chief: General Sir Douglas Gracey (Feb 1948 – Jan 1951)
• First Muslim Commander-in-Chief: General Muhammad Ayub Khan (1951)

Explanation

Explanation

• Pakistan's Public Service Commission at the federal level is called the Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC).
• It is a constitutional body responsible for recruiting civil servants for the Federal Government.
• FPSC conducts competitive examinations, including the CSS Examination.
• It also conducts tests and interviews for various federal government posts.
• The Commission works to ensure merit-based recruitment.

Last verified on 07-07-2026