Explanation

• The Nuremberg Trials were held to prosecute Nazi German war criminals after World War II.
• The trials took place in Nuremberg from 20 November 1945 to 1 October 1946.
• They were conducted by the Allied Powers (United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and France).
• Senior Nazi leaders were charged with war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace.

Last verified on 08-07-2026

Explanation

• Demographic Dividend refers to the economic growth potential created by a large working-age population (usually ages 15–64 years).
• It occurs when the working-age population is larger than the dependent population (children and the elderly).
• This can increase productivity, employment, and national income.
• To benefit fully, countries need quality education, healthcare, and job opportunities.

Last verified on 08-07-2026

Explanation

• Sputnik-1 was launched by the USSR (Soviet Union) on 4 October 1957.
• It was the world's first artificial satellite, beginning of the Space Age.
• It started the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States.
• Launch Site: Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan
• Weight: 83.6 kg
• Orbital Period: About 96 minutes

Last verified on 09-03-2026

Explanation

• The Marshall Plan (1948) was launched to provide economic aid for rebuilding the war-torn economies of Western Europe after World War II.
• It was signed into law on 3 April 1948 by Harry S. Truman.
• It was signed through the Economic Recovery Act of 1948.
• The plan was proposed in 1947 by George C. Marshall.
• It helped restore industry, infrastructure, and economic stability in Europe.

Last verified on 08-07-2026

Explanation

• The Human Genome Project (HGP) was completed in 2003.
• It was an international scientific research project to map and sequence the entire human genome.
• The project officially began in 1990.
• It took 13 years to complete.
• It identified approximately 20,000–25,000 human genes.
• Human Chromosomes: 23 pairs (46 chromosomes)
• Human Genome Size: About 3 billion DNA base pairs

Last verified on 08-07-2026

Explanation

• ASEAN was founded on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok through the Bangkok Declaration.
• Type: Economic & Political Organization
• Established at: Bangkok, Thailand
• Headquarters: Jakarta, Indonesia
• Official Language: English
• Members: 11

Last verified on 08-07-2026

Explanation

• The Green Revolution (1960s–70s) introduced dwarf, high-yielding crop varieties.
• These varieties respond well to fertilizers and irrigation, increasing production.
• Mainly applied to wheat and rice in developing countries.
• Helped reduce hunger and improve food security globally.
• Introduced by scientists like Norman Borlaug.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Discoverer: Alexander Fleming
• Year of discovery: 1928
• Place: St. Mary's Hospital, London
• First patient treated with penicillin: Albert Alexander
• Date of first treatment: 12 February 1941

Last verified on 01-07-2026

Explanation

• The Bosphorus Strait is a narrow natural waterway in Turkey.
• It connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara.
• It is the forming part of the boundary between Europe and Asia.
• Strategically important for international shipping and naval routes.

Additional information:

• Length: ~30 km
• Width: 700 m – 3.7 km
• Maximum depth: ~110 m
• Number of bridges across: 3
• Number of tunnels (undersea): 2

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• The United States of America has received the highest number of Nobel Prizes since the Nobel Prize was established.

Top 5 Countries by Nobel Laureates:

• United States – 403
• United Kingdom – 137
• Germany – 111
• France – 71
• Sweden – 32

Last verified on 08-07-2026