Explanation

• Copper has two common oxidation states: +1 (cuprous) and +2 (cupric).
• In CuO, copper is +2 (Cu²⁺) → cupric oxide.
• In CuBr, copper is +1 (Cu⁺) → cuprous bromide.
• CuCl₂ and CuSO₄ also have copper in +2 state.
• The +1 state is more stable with less electronegative elements like bromine.

Explanation

Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants (e.g., Amaranthus).

Flowers are usually small and inconspicuous.

Petals are absent in most species; flowers are apetalous.

Sepals are present and protect the flower.

Leaves and stems are present as normal vegetative structures.

Last updated question 17-02-2026

Explanation

• The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
• Sodium reabsorption occurs at different parts of the nephron.
• Thick loop of Henle actively pumps out Na⁺ using ATP (active transport).
• Thin loop of Henle mainly allows passive movement of water and ions.
• Proximal tubule reabsorbs Na⁺ mainly by secondary active transport; collecting duct fine-tunes Na⁺ under hormonal control (aldosterone).

Last updated question 17-02-2026

Explanation

Explanation

Explanation

• Carolus Linnaeus gave the artificial system of classification. 
• He classified plants mainly based on the number and arrangement of stamens.
• known as the "Father of Taxonomy

Last updated question 17-02-2026

Explanation

• Cholesterol functions as a "fluidity buffer"
• The cell membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer.
• Cholesterol is present between phospholipid molecules.
• It maintains membrane fluidity and flexibility.

Last updated question 17-02-2026

Explanation

• Musk is a strong-smelling substance used in perfumes.
• It is mainly obtained from musk deer (male).
• It is also obtained from the African civet.
• African civet (also known as civet musk or civetone)
• Goat and sheep do not produce musk.
• Natural musk is rare and expensive, so synthetic musk is commonly used today.

Last updated question 17-02-2026

Explanation

• A meso compound has two or more chiral centers.
• It possesses an internal plane of symmetry.
• Due to symmetry, it is optically inactive.
• The optical activities of chiral centers cancel each other.
• Example: meso-tartaric acid.

Last updated question 17-02-2026

Explanation

Formation of H₂O (H₂ + O₂ → H₂O) is practically irreversible under normal conditions.