Explanation

• Carbon monoxide (CO) binds strongly with hemoglobin in the blood.
• It forms carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), reducing the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity.
• CO binds to hemoglobin about 200–250 times more strongly than oxygen.
• This can lead to oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) in body tissues.
• Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas.

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• Urine is produced in the kidneys by filtering the blood.
• The kidneys remove excess water, salts, and waste products from the blood.
• Urine is formed in tiny filtering units called nephrons.
• After formation, urine passes through the ureters to the urinary bladder.
• The kidneys help maintain the body's fluid and electrolyte balance.

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• The Earth's outermost layer is called the Crust.
• The crust is the thin, solid outer layer where humans, animals, and plants live.
• It is located above the mantle, outer core, and inner core.
• It is made mainly of rocks and minerals.

Additional information:

• Earth's Layers (Outer to Inner): Crust → Mantle → Outer Core → Inner Core
• Crust Thickness: About 5–70 km
• Mantle Thickness: About 2,900 km
• Outer Core Thickness: About 2,260 km
• Inner Core Radius: About 1,220 km

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• William Harvey discovered the circulation of blood.
• He was the first physician to completely describe systemic blood circulation.
• Famous book: De Motu Cordis (On the Motion of the Heart and Blood) (1628)
• He is known as the Father of Circulation of Blood.

Additional information:

• Birth: 1578
• Death: 1657

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• Tritium (³H) is the radioactive isotope of hydrogen.
• It undergoes beta (β) decay and changes into Helium-3.

Additional information:

• Hydrogen Isotopes: 3 (Protium, Deuterium, Tritium)
• Protium (¹H): 1 proton, 0 neutrons (Stable)
• Deuterium (²H): 1 proton, 1 neutron (Stable)
• Tritium (³H): 1 proton, 2 neutrons (Radioactive)
• Half-life of Tritium: Approximately 12.3 years

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• In fluvial processes, small and shallow channels are called rills, which grow into gullies,

Additional information

• Valleys: Large, low-lying areas drained by rivers or streams.
• Deltas: Landforms created at the mouth of a river where it meets standing water.
• Levees: Raised ridges of sediment running along the banks of a river channel.

Explanation

• The visible light spectrum for the human eye generally ranges from approximately 380 to 750 nanometers (nm), with standard limits often cited from 400 to 700 nm. 

Wavelength Ranges by Color

1. Violet: 380 nm to 450 nm
2. Blue: 450 nm to 485 nm
3. Green: 485 nm to 500 nm
4. Yellow: 500 nm to 565 nm
5. Orange: 565 nm to 625 nm
6. Red: 625 nm to 750 nm 

Last updated 27-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• Slate is a metamorphic rock.
• It is mainly formed from shale or mudstone.
• Formation occurs under low-grade heat and pressure.
• Volcanic ash can also contribute to its formation.
• Type: Fine-grained, foliated metamorphic rock.

Last updated 27-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• SI stands for the International System of Units
• The world's standard modern metric system used for science, commerce, and everyday measurements.

The SI system is built upon seven fundamental base units: 

1. Metre (m) – for length
2. Kilogram (kg) – for mass
3. Second (s) – for time
4. Ampere (A) – for electric current
5. Kelvin (K) – for thermodynamic temperature
6. Mole (mol) – for amount of substance
7. Candela (cd) – for luminous intensity 

Last updated 27-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• When tectonic plates slide past each other, they form faults or fault lines.
• This type of plate boundary is called a transform boundary.
• Movement along fault lines can cause earthquakes.
• A famous example is the San Andreas Fault in California, USA.

Last verified on 28-97-2026