Explanation

The first step in extension work is to analyze the situation.

It involves identifying problems, needs, and resources of the target community.

Additional information:

Major steps in extension work:

1. Analyze the situation
2. Program planning
3. Program execution
4. Evaluation
5. Re-planning

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• After growing leguminous crops, the soil is replenished with nitrogen.
• Legumes have root nodules containing Rhizobium bacteria.

Additional information:

Examples of leguminous crops:

• Chickpea
• Lentil
• Pea
• Groundnut
• Soybean

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Planting of a crop before harvesting the first crop is called relay cropping.
• In this system, the second crop is sown while the first crop is still standing.
• It helps in efficient use of time, land, and residual soil moisture.

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Wet dusting is a soil management practice used to reduce moisture loss.

Additional information:

Soil moisture conservation practices:

• Wet dusting – Controls drought
• Mulching – Reduces evaporation
• Contour farming – Reduces runoff
• Trench planting – Improves water management
• Drip irrigation – Efficient water use

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Sugarcane grown by trench technology helps to reduce waterlogging.

Additional information:

• Lodging – Reduced by proper spacing & earthing up
• Salinity – Managed by leaching & drainage
• Root rot – Reduced by good drainage
• Yield loss – Reduced by better water management

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Dry (arid) areas have low rainfall and limited soil moisture.
• Zero tillage helps conserve moisture by not disturbing the soil.

Additional information:

• Zero tillage prevents soil erosion by wind.
• It improves soil structure and organic matter over time.

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Covering the soil, also called mulching, helps to minimize evaporation.
• It conserves soil moisture, improves crop growth, and reduces water stress.
• Commonly used in orchards, vegetable gardens, and row crops.

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Chlorosis is the yellowing of plant leaves due to lack of chlorophyll.
• Commonly caused by nutrient deficiencies (N, Fe, Mg), poor drainage, or disease.

Additional information:

• Necrosis refers to death of plant tissue.
• Leaf curl is deformation due to pests or viruses.

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Determining the number of irrigations required during the crop period is called irrigation scheduling.
• It ensures crops receive the right amount of water at the right time.

Additional information:

• Irrigation method – Technique used to supply water (drip, flood, sprinkler)
• Water harvesting – Collecting and storing rainwater for future use
• Crop water requirement – Total water needed for optimal growth
• Field capacity – Maximum water soil can hold for crops

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Trickle irrigation, also called drip irrigation.
• It is a high-efficiency irrigation system.
• It delivers water directly to the root zone of plants, minimizing evaporation and runoff.
• Used widely in orchards, row crops, and vegetable cultivation.

Additional information:

Irrigation efficiency classifications:

• Medium efficiency – Sprinkler irrigation
• Low efficiency – Flood or surface irrigation
• Furrow irrigation – Medium to low efficiency
• Subsurface irrigation – High efficiency

Last verified on 25-01-2026