Explanation

• Melilotus alba (white sweet clover) contains coumarin, a naturally occurring chemical.
• Coumarin can be toxic to livestock if the plant spoils and ferments, leading to sweet clover disease.
• It affects blood clotting and can cause hemorrhages in animals.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• The flag leaf is the uppermost leaf of cereal plants like wheat and rice.
• It plays a crucial role in grain filling by providing energy through photosynthesis.
• The flag leaf contributes most of the carbohydrates for developing grains.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• The process of converting double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA is called denaturation.
• It occurs when hydrogen bonds between base pairs break due to heat, extreme pH, or chemicals.
• Denaturation is essential in molecular biology techniques like PCR to separate DNA strands.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• Most insects are found in tropical regions where the climate is warm and humid.
• Tropical regions provide abundant food, moisture, and vegetation for insects.
• Polar and desert regions have extreme climates unsuitable for most insects.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• “Crypto Winter” refers to a prolonged period of falling cryptocurrency prices.
• During this time, market values drop sharply, and investor confidence is low.

• Examples: 2018 crypto crash after Bitcoin’s 2017 peak.
• Term is similar to a “bear market” in traditional finance.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• Bal-e-Jibreel is a famous work by Allama Iqbal, originally in Urdu.
• Its Punjabi translation, titled “Jibreel di Udari”, was done by Aseer Abid.
• Published by the Iqbal Academy Pakistan in 1995.
• Includes ghazals, poems, and rubaiyat, keeping Iqbal’s original themes of love and philosophy.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• During the 1980s, multiple cotton varieties including MNH‑93, NIAB‑78, and S‑12 were developed to improve yield and fiber quality.
• These varieties contributed to modern cotton cultivation in Pakistan.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is an oilseed crop known for high oil content.
• Oil is extracted from sesame seeds for cooking and industrial use.
• The oil content is approximately 54% of the seed weight.
• Rich in unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants.
• Major producers include India, China, Myanmar, and Pakistan.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• Fine rice (Basmati) requires a low seed rate to ensure proper tillering.
• Recommended seed rate for fine rice is 15 kg per hectare.
• Lower seed rate improves plant spacing and grain quality.
• Used mainly for nursery raising before transplanting.
• Excess seed rate reduces yield and grain quality.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• The endosperm is the main storage tissue in maize seeds.
• It containing nutrients like starch, proteins, and oils.
• It support the growth of the embryo during germination.

Last verified on 22-01-2026