Explanation

• Cholistani, Kali, Damani, Kachi, and Bibrik are well-known sheep breeds in Pakistan.
• These breeds are mainly reared for wool, meat, and sometimes milk.
• They are adapted to arid and semi-arid regions of Pakistan.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Citrus canker is a serious bacterial disease affecting citrus plants.
• It causes lesions on leaves, stems, and fruits, reducing yield and market quality.
• The causal organism is Xanthomonas citri.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• The following table provides the botanical names for a variety of familiar plants: 

Rice : Oryza sativa

• Apple : Malus domestica
• Carrot : Daucus carota
• Coconut : Cocos nucifera
• Cucumber : Cucumis sativus
• Ginger : Zingiber officinale
• Mango : Mangifera indica
• Oak tree : Quercus
• Onion : Allium cepa
• Potato : Solanum tuberosum
• Wheat : Triticum aestivum
• Rose : Rosa
• Sunflower : Helianthus annuus
• Tomato : Solanum lycopersicum

Explanation

• Dietary fiber is essential for healthy digestion, regulating blood sugar, and preventing constipation.
• Fiber comes mainly from plant-based foods like grains, fruits, and vegetables.
• Eggs are animal-based and contain no dietary fiber.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Organic farming is a method of growing crops without synthetic chemicals or genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
• It emphasizes sustainability, human health, and environmental protection.
• It relies on natural fertilizers, crop rotation, and biological pest control.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• The White Revolution was launched to make India and Pakistan self-sufficient in milk.
• It involved cross-breeding cows, improving dairy infrastructure, and cooperative milk societies.

Additional information:

• Green Revolution → wheat and rice production
• Blue Revolution → fisheries

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

Probability quantifies the chance of an event occurring.

It ranges from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain).

Formula: P(E) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• In Punjab, Jatti khatti (Rough lemon) is the most commonly used citrus rootstock.
• It is highly compatible with Kinnow mandarin, which makes up over 70% of citrus production in the region.
• Preferred for high vigor, drought tolerance, and adaptability to sandy and clay soils.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Denitrification → conversion of NO₃⁻ and NO₂⁻ to N₂ or N₂O by anaerobic bacteria.

Additional information:

• Immobilization → nitrogen taken up by microbes, temporarily unavailable to plants.
• Mineralization → conversion of organic nitrogen to inorganic forms (NH₄⁺).

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) = total capacity of soil to hold exchangeable cations like Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺.
• High CEC soils → fertile, can retain nutrients longer.
• Low CEC soils → nutrients leach easily, less fertile.

Last verified on 11-02-2026