Explanation

• KS-282 and KS-133 are high-yielding coarse rice cultivars.
• Developed for better grain quality and disease resistance.
• Coarse rice is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions.
• These cultivars help improve food security and farmer income.
• Suitable for both irrigated and rainfed conditions.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Photorespiration is a process where Rubisco enzyme reacts with O₂ instead of CO₂, reducing photosynthetic efficiency.
• It occurs mainly in C3 plants like wheat, rice, and soybean.
• Leads to loss of energy and fixed carbon in plants.
• More common in hot and dry conditions.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Plants need nitrogen for protein and chlorophyll synthesis.
• Nitrogen in soil is absorbed mainly as nitrate (NO₃⁻) and ammonium (NH₄⁺) ions.
• Soil bacteria help convert organic nitrogen into these forms.
• Essential for healthy plant growth and higher crop yield.
• Nitrogen deficiency causes yellowing of leaves.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp.) is a common weed in rice fields.
• It competes with rice plants for nutrients, water, and sunlight.
• Reduces yield and affects crop quality.
• Common in flooded and irrigated rice paddies.
• Effective weed management is crucial for rice cultivation.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• C4 plants (e.g., maize, sugarcane) perform C4 photosynthesis to minimize photorespiration.
• The first enzyme to fix CO₂ is PEP carboxylase, forming a 4-carbon compound.
• This is different from C3 plants, where Rubisco fixes CO₂ first.
• PEP carboxylase has high affinity for CO₂ and does not react with O₂.
• Important for efficient photosynthesis in hot and dry climates.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Sorghum is a cereal crop grown for food, fodder, and biofuel.
• Its flowers are arranged in a panicle inflorescence, a branched cluster of flowers.
• Panicles help in efficient pollination and seed formation.
• Commonly grown in arid and semi-arid regions.
• Important for human consumption and livestock feed.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Olericulture is a branch of horticulture.
  • It focuses on the cultivation, growth, and harvesting of vegetables.
  • Helps improve yield, quality, and pest management in vegetables.
  • Important for food supply and nutrition.
  • Examples include tomatoes, carrots, and cabbage.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Botanical Name: Gossypium hirsutum
• Common Name: American / Upland cotton
• Global Share: ~90% of world cotton production
• Fiber Type: Medium to long staple
• Main Use: Textile and yarn industry

Additional information:

• Gossypium arboreum — Desi cotton
• Gossypium barbadense — Egyptian cotton

Last verified on 05-02-2026

Explanation

• Soil salinity occurs when excess salts accumulate in soil, reducing fertility.
• Gypsum (Calcium sulfate, CaSO₄·2H₂O) is used to treat saline soils.
• It replaces sodium ions with calcium, improving soil structure.
• Helps crops grow better in affected areas.
• Commonly used in agriculture for soil reclamation.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Tikka disease is a fungal disease affecting groundnut (peanut) crops.
• Caused by Cercospora arachidicola.
• Leads to leaf spots, defoliation, and reduced yield.
• Major concern in tropical and subtropical regions.
• Early detection and resistant varieties help control it.

Last verified on 12-02-2026