Explanation

If the activation energy is increased, the rate of reaction decreases. 

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to overcome the energy barrier and proceed to form products.

A higher activation energy means that fewer molecules have the necessary energy to react, resulting in a slower reaction rate.

Conversely, a lower activation energy means more molecules can overcome the barrier and react faster. 

Explanation

Pinocytosis:

This term means "cell drinking" and refers to the process where a cell engulfs small amounts of extracellular fluid and dissolved substances. 

Explanation

Robert Hooke discovered the "cell wall" in 1665 when he observed dead cork cells under a microscope.

He named these small compartments "cells" because they reminded him of the rooms in a monastery.

The concept of "protoplast," which refers to the living contents of a cell, was discovered later. 

Explanation

 Propanoyl chloride is an acid chloride, which is a type of acid halide.

Acid halides are characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a halogen atom (like chlorine).

The general formula for an acid halide is RCO-X, where R is an alkyl group and X is a halogen. 

Explanation

 The statement "The amount of heat evolved or absorbed in a chemical reaction is the same no matter the reaction takes place in one step or several steps" describes Hess's law. 

Explanation

Melting ice below 0°C by applying pressure is a spontaneous physical change. 

Physical change:

This is correct because the process only changes the state of water from solid to liquid, without altering its chemical composition. 

Spontaneous:

• Under the applied pressure, the ice will naturally melt even below 0°C.
• A spontaneous process occurs without any external energy input. 

Explanation

Beta particles are high-energy electrons or positrons that interact frequently with air molecules.

These collisions cause them to change direction randomly, resulting in a zigzag or erratic path. 

Explanation

 In Einstein's universe, the fourth dimension is time. 

Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time, merging them into a single four-dimensional continuum called "spacetime".

Time is considered the fourth dimension within this framework. 

Explanation

The current produced by induced EMF depends on :

• Area of the coil
• Turns of the coil
• Strength of the magnetic field in which the coil rotates

Explanation

If two streams of protons move parallel to each other in the same direction, they repel each other. 

Protons are positively charged particles, and according to Coulomb's law, particles with the same charge repel each other.

This repulsive electrostatic force dominates between the protons, causing them to push away from each other.